William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 4272229 | Pivotal piston machine A pivotal piston machine or compressor including a disc-like pivotal piston oscillating on a bearing axis, such oscillatory movement being effected by engagement of a roller-type cam follower of a crank arm driven by a crankshaft, with cam surfaces formed... | 06/09/1981 |
| 4260199 | Anti-skid and anti-spin braking system A wheel spin control circuit which utilizes conventional anti-skid control apparatus for automotive-type vehicles including an operator's brake valve, brake cylinders, wheel speed sensors, wheel behavior evaluation circuitry and modulator valves to apply ... | 04/07/1981 |
| 4255744 | Highway crossing bell apparatus The bell clapper arm is mounted on the rotatable armature of a rotary solenoid so as to be moved through an arc, to strike the bell gong with a hammer at its outer end, each time the solenoid is energized. The solenoid energizing circuit includes the cont... | 03/10/1981 |
| 4251118 | Switching circuit for the disabling of spurious sensor signals A controllable filter circuit for removing noise from the useful picked up speed sensing signal in an anti-skid vehicular braking system. The controllable filter circuit includes a pickup device, a frequency dependent low-pass filter, a sine-wave to recta... | 02/17/1981 |
| 4249564 | Valve mount for a compressor pressure valve A valve mount for a compressor pressure valve with a valve seat disposed in a bore formed in a cylinder head, wherein the valve mount is provided with a cooling chamber surrounding the external surfaces of a pressure chamber for transferring and dissipati... | 02/10/1981 |
| 4247133 | Device with mounting plates for a valve battery A valve battery device including mounting plates on which valves may be mounted, and of which a preselected number, each having passageways therein, may be assembled in serial relation to form a valve battery of any desired number. Each mounting plate is ... | 01/27/1981 |
| 4245722 | Vehicle disk brake with improved means for changing brake pads A disk brake assemblage providing an improved arrangement whereby the brake pads and supports therefore may be changed with a minimum amount of disassembly of the disk brake assemblage. The brake assemblage is provided with an annular cylinder and an annu... | 01/20/1981 |
| 4243273 | Adjustable variable load valve device A variable load valve device having a fulcrumed lever, the opposite sides of which are acted upon by respective piston stems of opposing piston assemblies subject to air spring pressure and brake cylinder pressure, respectively. Each piston assembly is in... | 01/06/1981 |
| 4239454 | Overload protection control circuit for marine engines An overload protection control circuit for marine engines, in which a propeller pitch control signal, as initiated by the operator and transmitted to a servo-positioner for setting the propeller pitch, is modified by a speed control signal, also initiated... | 12/16/1980 |
| 4239292 | Brake gear for vehicles A brake control system for a railway transit-type train having a control car, on which an electrical brake command is provided, and one or more controlled cars. The electric brake command is converted to a fluid pressure control signal that is connected t... | 12/16/1980 |
| 4238955 | Tire-pressure monitoring device Tire-pressure monitoring apparatus for use with either single or dual tires for signaling deterioration of tire pressure by connecting tire pressure, upon actuation of a valve device by such reduced pressure, to a cylinder device which, in turn, moves a p... | 12/16/1980 |
| 4239295 | Circuit for preventing the wheel velocity from exceeding the vehicle velocity in vehicles with antilocking brake systems A switching circuit for preventing the velocity of the rotating wheels from exceeding the velocity of the moving vehicle in an anti-skid vehicular braking system. The switching circuit includes a first threshold device for generating deceleration and acce... | 12/16/1980 |
| 4238831 | Pulse interpolation method and apparatus Received periodic pulses of varying amplitude, representing a measured analog signal, are alternately applied to two interpolation channels through gates alternately activated by a flip-flop element responsive to each incoming pulse. Each channel converts... | 12/09/1980 |
| 4237516 | Protective electrical discharge device A varistor element is press-fitted into a recess formed in one surface of a metal electrode and protrudes a preselected distance out from the electrode surface. A second metal electrode is positioned in line with but spaced from the varistor by a TEFLON w... | 12/02/1980 |
| 4237515 | Protective electrical discharge device A varistor disc is press-fitted into recesses formed in opposite surfaces of two metal electrodes, its length selected so that a predetermined air gap remains between the electrode surfaces in parallel to the varistor path. The assembly is held by a rivet... | 12/02/1980 |
| 4236424 | Hand brake for railway vehicles A ratchet operated chain-type hand brake for railway vehicles characterized by a housing for enclosing the ratchet mechanism and a chain wind-up drum. The ratchet mechanism includes an operating pawl for taking up the chain and a holding pawl for holding ... | 12/02/1980 |
| 4235403 | Speed control apparatus and method for railroad car retarders An acceleration servo control system for railroad car retarders in which a computed desired instantaneous deceleration signal and a measured actual deceleration signal are compared and any resulting error signal is fed back through the servo network to ad... | 11/25/1980 |
| 4235315 | Full disk brake A full disk brake including a pair of disks, brake pads, and a closed external housing. In order to facilitate removal of the housing for changing brake pads, the housing is segmented, such as in the form of a pair of semi-cylindrical segments which are s... | 11/25/1980 |
| 4235477 | Variable load valve device A variable load valve device for modulating brake cylinder pressure on railway freight cars according to the actual vehicle load weight. A load sensing arm detects variations between the sprung and unsprung members of the vehicle to vary the tension of a ... | 11/25/1980 |
| 4232709 | Four-way ball valve A four-way ball type valve including a spherical valve element operable to as many as four positions and which can be installed on a railway car in place of the branch pipe tee to eliminate the need for an angle cock at each end of the brake pipe and a br... | 11/11/1980 |
| 4225195 | Process and device for the regulation of braking pressure in lock-up protection systems A process and apparatus for regulating the operator-controlled brake pressure of a vehicle wheel to prevent wheel lock-up by sensing a lock-up tendency and independently varying the operator-controlled brake pressure at the skidding wheel during successiv... | 09/30/1980 |
| 4225193 | Control valve arrangement for combined brake cylinder and reservoir Brake apparatus for a railway vehicle including a brake cylinder device of the type having a pair of interconnected pistons to which the vehicle brake rigging is connected, the larger piston having a pair of chambers formed on opposite sides in which air ... | 09/30/1980 |
| 4223955 | Load-dependent braking force control device A vehicle load responsive brake control device for adjusting the braking force according to the varying load of the vehicle in each braking range; its purpose is also to ensure control of the braking action in such a manner that, independently of the exis... | 09/23/1980 |
| 4219071 | Air-conditioning system for railroad vehicles An air-conditioning system in which a static inverter is driven at a predetermined constant frequency during a normal service mode of vehicle operation to effect operation of the vehicle cooling and/or heating unit such as to maintain the interior tempera... | 08/26/1980 |
| 4215881 | Hose coupling An improved hose coupling for railway vehicle brake pipe hoses, which hose coupling is characterized by a nipple portion disposed at an angle relative to the axis of the coupling head and an angular extension of the lower end of the coupling lip for preve... | 08/05/1980 |
| 4215767 | Parking brake device A combined fluid pressure operable running and parking vehicle brake device including an application piston responsive to fluid pressure for exerting a brake-applying force on a vehicle wheel through a brake shoe for effecting either a service or emergenc... | 08/05/1980 |
| 4213588 | Fluidically operated railway switch machine A railway switch machine including a first fluid operated actuator for switching the movable points of the rails between two extreme positions for establishing respective routes of travel for railway vehicles, valve device coupled to the first fluid opera... | 07/22/1980 |
| 4207803 | Stopping device for double-acting, pneumatic operating cylinders The invention relates to a positioner device for positioning the piston and piston rod of a double-acting, pneumatic operating cylinder at a preselected position for setting the position of a device connected thereto, such as the lever of a throttle valve... | 06/17/1980 |
| 4207917 | Hand-operation device for solenoid valves A manually operable actuation pin for operatively engaging the solenoid armature of an electromagnetic valve device is provided to permit manual emergency or auxiliary control of the armature. The actuation pin is designed to permit locking in its actuate... | 06/17/1980 |
| 4205307 | Device for monitoring the function of electromagnets A first amplifier measures the instantaneous voltage across a resistor, connected in series with the electromagnet of a solenoid valve, as the current increases following energization of the electromagnet. A second amplifier measures the same voltage and ... | 05/27/1980 |
| 4200855 | Bolt-like railway vehicle wheel detector A railway car wheel detection arrangement employing a pair of bolt-like sensor units which are spaced apart a given distance and are fastened to holes formed in the web portion of the track rail. Each of the sensor units includes an oblong aperture having... | 04/29/1980 |
| 4200856 | Differential clamp-on railway vehicle wheel detector A railway car wheel detection arrangement employing a pair of clamp-on sensor units which are spaced apart a given distance and are positioned on the upper surface of the base flange of the track rail. Each of the sensor units includes an elongated epoxy ... | 04/29/1980 |
| 4199195 | Dynamic/friction brake blending control system A dynamic/friction brake blending control system in which a brake pipe pressure responsive control valve device provides a friction brake pressure that is connected to the vehicle brake cylinders via a blending relay valve device having a self-lapping pis... | 04/22/1980 |
| 4193641 | Brake valve A brake valve device including a valve-actuating piston for contacting and effecting operation of a valve member, the valve-actuating piston being provided with a stepped bore in which a spring-biased spring seat member is engaged by and axially slidably ... | 03/18/1980 |
| 4188071 | Railway vehicle brake apparatus arranged to accommodate reduced emergency reservoir volume A railway vehicle brake apparatus including a brake control valve device having a service piston valve device operative responsive to a reduction of pressure in the train brake pipe to connect fluid pressure from the auxiliary reservoir to a brake cylinde... | 02/12/1980 |
| 4188070 | Braking coordination device A dynamic/friction brake blending valve device having a piston assembly arranged to operate a pressure regulator via which brake cylinder pressure is controlled. Associated with the relay valve device is an electrical circuit comprising a differential amp... | 02/12/1980 |
| 4188002 | Vital power varistor circuit for railroad signaling systems A vital circuit network, equivalent to a two element, alternating current track relay used as a synchronous detector, has a first input transformer directly coupled across the local track circuit source and second input transformer coupled across the trac... | 02/12/1980 |
| 4181369 | Pneumatic/electro-pneumatic brake control system with interlock circuitry for push/pull train operation A pneumatic/electro-pneumatic brake control system including an interface unit at each control station at the opposite ends of a train operating in push/pull service. This interface unit includes a plurality of pressure switches for sensing the operating ... | 01/01/1980 |
| 4180715 | Vital movable electricl contact arrangement A fail-safe multiple transfer contact assembly including a plurality of front, back and heel contact elements. The contact elements include elongated leaf spring members which are fixed to a molded insulative contact block. A silver contact button is rivo... | 12/25/1979 |
| 4177459 | Fail-safe acknowledging circuit A fail-safe solid-state acknowledging circuit for a cab signaling system requiring an acknowledgment after the reception of a more restrictive speed command signal employing a plurality of transistor latching circuits having a predetermined order of more ... | 12/04/1979 |