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...When G.G. Hubbard learned of his future son-in-law's invention, he called it "only a toy." His daughter was engaged to a young man named Alexander Graham Bell.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8139283 | Surface plasmon polariton modulation An apparatus includes a substrate having a metallic surface, a structure, and a dielectric object facing the metallic top surface. The structure is configured to optically produce surface plasmon polaritons that propagate on the metallic surface. The dielectric obje... | 03/20/2012 |
| 8073345 | Frequency estimation in an intradyne optical receiver A method for determining symbols PSK modulated on an optical carrier includes interfering a first polarization component of the modulated optical carrier and a reference optical carrier in a first optical mixer and interfering the first polarization component of the... | 12/06/2011 |
| 8070966 | Group III-nitride layers with patterned surfaces A fabrication method produces a mechanically patterned layer of group III-nitride. The method includes providing a crystalline substrate and forming a first layer of a first group III-nitride on a planar surface of the substrate. The first layer has a single polarit... | 12/06/2011 |
| 8023834 | Adaptive polarization tracking and equalization in coherent optical receivers A method for operating an optical receiver includes at each of a sequence of sampling times, producing a first 2D complex digital signal vector whose first component is indicative of a phase and amplitude of one polarization component of a modulated optical carrier ... | 09/20/2011 |
| 7965945 | Flexible dispersion mapping One method configures an all-optical network such that at least eighty percent of optical fiber spans of a portion of a first all-optical path of the network have substantially a first residual dispersion per span and at least eighty percent of optical fiber spans o... | 06/21/2011 |
| 7960714 | Interfering excitations in FQHE fluids An apparatus includes a substrate with a planar surface, a multilayer of semiconductor layers located on the planar surface, a plurality of electrodes located over the multilayer, and a dielectric layer located between the electrodes and the multilayer. The multilay... | 06/14/2011 |
| 7929813 | QAM optical modulators An exemplary optical modulator includes an interferometer. The interferometer includes an input optical coupler, an output optical coupler, and two or more controllable optical waveguides. Each controllable optical waveguide connects the input optical coupler to the... | 04/19/2011 |
| 7928631 | Stable electro-mechanical comb drive actuators An electro-mechanical actuator includes a comb drive and a deformable connector. The comb drive has a first capacitor plate and a second capacitor plate. The capacitor plates have teeth capable of inter-digitating. The deformable connector is configured to apply a m... | 04/19/2011 |
| 7848026 | Chirped metamaterials An apparatus includes a medium that is a metamaterial over a frequency range. The medium includes a stack of layers or slabs. A mechanical, electrical, or magnetic property of the layers or slabs of the stack varies monotonically between neighboring ones of the laye... | 12/07/2010 |
| 7876155 | Transimpedance amplifier with distributed control of feedback line An apparatus includes an electronic amplifier and an electrical feedback line, a plurality of electrical sources, and an electronic controller. The electrical feedback line connects an output of the electronic amplifier to an input thereof. The electrical sources co... | 01/25/2011 |
| 7872468 | Optically measuring electric field intensities An apparatus includes an optical resonator and a passive optical device. The optical resonator has first and second optical reflectors and an optical cavity interposed between the reflectors. The optical resonator includes an electro-optically responsive material. O... | 01/18/2011 |
| 7843990 | Determining a channel matrix by measuring interference An apparatus includes a transmitter configured to transmit symbols to one or more receivers via a plurality of communication channels of a physical communication link. The transmitter is configured to estimate a phase of one or more off-diagonal elements of a channe... | 11/30/2010 |
| 7830978 | Determining channel matrices by correlated transmissions to different channels A method involves performing a plurality of acts. The acts include transmitting a first signal stream to a first channel of a multi-channel communications medium while transmitting a second signal stream to a different second channel of the medium. The second signal... | 11/09/2010 |
| 7781801 | Field-effect transistors whose gate electrodes are over semiconductor heterostructures and parts of source and drain electrodes An apparatus includes a field-effect transistor (FET). The FET includes a region of first semiconductor and a layer of second semiconductor that is located on the region of the first semiconductor. The layer and region form a semiconductor heterostructure. The FET a... | 08/24/2010 |
| 7781061 | Devices with graphene layers A method includes an act of providing a crystalline substrate with a diamond-type lattice and an exposed substantially (111)-surface. The method also includes an act of forming a graphene layer or a graphene-like layer on the exposed substantially (111)-surface.... | 08/24/2010 |
| 7751320 | Admission control of sessions with preference lists A method includes receiving a request for admission of a new communications session to a data network. The requested admission is such that the new communications session is granted a first set of one or more bandwidth usages of a resource of the network in response... | 07/06/2010 |
| 7747169 | Adaptive polarization tracking and equalization in coherent optical receivers A method for operating an optical receiver includes at each of a sequence of sampling times, producing a first 2D complex digital signal vector whose first component is indicative of a phase and amplitude of one polarization component of a modulated optical carrier ... | 06/29/2010 |
| 7700006 | Voltage regulators An apparatus includes an object formed of a quasi-1D crystalline material that is capable of supporting a free sliding density wave state. The apparatus also includes first and second input terminals that connect across a portion of the object and first and second o... | 04/20/2010 |
| 7670887 | Field-effect transistors with weakly coupled layered inorganic semiconductors A field-effect transistor includes source, drain, and gate electrodes; a crystalline or polycrystalline layer of inorganic semiconductor; and a dielectric layer. The layer of inorganic semiconductor has an active channel portion physically extending from the source ... | 03/02/2010 |
| 7668578 | MgBsuperconductors A solid structure includes a substrate and a layer located on a surface of the substrate. The layer includes crystalline or polycrystalline MgB2. ... | 02/23/2010 |
| 7653120 | Channel-adaptive waveform modulation A method for transmitting a sequence of data blocks of equal length includes obtaining part of a matrix for the impulse response function of a communication channel between a transmitter and a receiver. The part relating to channel-induced interference between sampl... | 01/26/2010 |
| 7645952 | Mechanical switch with melting bridge A mechanical switch includes a pair of conducting contacts, metal located on and between the conducting contacts, a heater, and an electro-mechanical actuator. The heater is operable to apply heat that melts the metal. The electro-mechanical actuator is capable of m... | 01/12/2010 |
| 7636501 | QAM optical modulators An exemplary optical modulator includes an interferometer. The interferometer includes an input optical coupler, an output optical coupler, and two or more controllable optical waveguides. Each controllable optical waveguide connects the input optical coupler to the... | 12/22/2009 |
| 7619808 | Light wave front construction A method for producing a 3D image includes providing a pixel-by-pixel map over a preselected aperture of relative phases for coherent light scattered by or transmitted through a desired scene. The method includes positioning micro-mirrors of a reconfigurable mirror ... | 11/17/2009 |
| 7616425 | Photo-sensitive MEMS structure A heat-sensitive apparatus includes a substrate with a top surface, one or more bars being rotatably joined to the surface and having bimorph portions, and a plate rotatably joined to the surface and substantially rigidly joined to the one or more bars. Each bimorph... | 11/10/2009 |
| 7599444 | Coding in a MIMO communication system A method of receiving information includes receiving a vector of signal values for a transmitted codeword in antennas of a MIMO receiver array in each of a sequence of time slots. Each vector forms one row of a matrix Y. Each antenna receives the signal values of on... | 10/06/2009 |
| 7595249 | Bipolar transistors with vertical structures A method for fabricating a bipolar transistor includes forming a vertical sequence of semiconductor layers, forming an implant mask on the last formed semiconductor layer, and implanting dopant ions into a portion of one or more of the semiconductor layers. The sequ... | 09/29/2009 |
| 7586670 | Nonlinear optical devices based on metamaterials An apparatus includes one or more optical couplers, an optical medium, and an optical pump source. The optical medium behaves as a negative refractive index material over a frequency range. The one or more optical couplers are configured to provide first and second ... | 09/08/2009 |
| 7541953 | Self-calibrating current source arrays One apparatus includes an array of current sources, a digital memory, and a calibration circuit. The digital memory is configured to store one set of digital calibration values for each of the current sources and to apply each stored set of digital calibration value... | 06/02/2009 |
| 7541624 | Flat profile structures for bipolar transistors A method for fabricating a bipolar transistor includes forming collector, base, and emitter semiconductor layers on a substrate such that the layers form a vertical sequence with respect to an adjacent surface of the substrate. The method includes etching away a por... | 06/02/2009 |
| 7468578 | Group III-nitride layers with patterned surfaces A fabrication method produces a mechanically patterned layer of group III-nitride. The method includes providing a crystalline substrate and forming a first layer of a first group III-nitride on a planar surface of the substrate. The first layer has a single polarit... | 12/23/2008 |
| 7466916 | Hybrid optical and data networks A method includes transmitting a list of willingness-to-pays for optical data capacities to an optical network. The optical network has a set of gateway nodes connected directly to nodes of a data network. The optical network is configured to transmit data communica... | 12/16/2008 |
| 7463361 | Optical apparatus having a polarization splitter and multiple interferometers A passive optical system substantially simultaneously separates light received at an optical input into three or more output light beams on optical outputs. The output light beams may have intensities that are proportional to intensities of optical projections of th... | 12/09/2008 |
| 7454144 | Low total excursion dispersion maps A process optically transports digital data over an all-optical long-haul communication path. The process includes transporting digital optical data signals at a selected bit rate and a selected wavelength over a sequence of transmission spans. The sequence includes... | 11/18/2008 |
| 7440158 | Direct optical image projectors An apparatus includes a reconfigurable spatial light modulator, a light source, and a transmission filter. The reconfigurable spatial light modulator is capable of producing spatially varying amplitude and/or phase modulations of an incident light wavefront. The lig... | 10/21/2008 |
| 7435391 | Light-mediated micro-chemical reactors A chemical reactor includes two substrates that are joined along a surface and a chemical reaction chamber formed between the substrates. The chemical reaction chamber has a hollow interior and one or more light reflectors located along walls of the hollow interior.... | 10/14/2008 |
| 7379647 | Configuring optical launch powers in optical fiber transmission lines A method includes transmitting optical signals through a heterogeneous sequence of spans of an all-optical transmission line. Each span has an optical transmission fiber connected to an optical amplifier. Each amplifier launches the signals into a sequential remaind... | 05/27/2008 |
| 7361929 | Field-effect transistors with weakly coupled layered inorganic semiconductors A field-effect transistor includes source, drain, and gate electrodes; a crystalline or polycrystalline layer of inorganic semiconductor; and a dielectric layer. The layer of inorganic semiconductor has an active channel portion physically extending from the source ... | 04/22/2008 |
| 7336988 | Multi-photon endoscopy An apparatus includes an optical element, a GRIN lens, and a detector. The optical element has a first optical aperture. The GRIN lens has first and second ends. The first end of the GRIN lens is positioned to receive light from the first optical aperture. The detec... | 02/26/2008 |
| 7336062 | Optically measuring electric field intensities An apparatus includes an optical resonator and a passive optical device. The optical resonator has first and second optical reflectors and an optical cavity interposed between the reflectors. The optical resonator includes an electro-optically responsive material. O... | 02/26/2008 |
