...Chester Carlson was a patent agent who tired of having to make multiple copies of patent applications using the only duplication method available at the time: carbon paper. In 1959 he came up with a new copying system and took it to IBM for evaluation. The "experts" at IBM determined potential sales to be only 5,000 units because people wouldn't want to use a bulky machine when they had carbon paper. Carlson's invention was the xerography process, the company founded on the system is Xerox.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8132744 | Miniature aerosol jet and aerosol jet array A miniaturized aerosol jet, or an array of miniaturized aerosol jets for direct printing of various aerosolized materials. In the most commonly used embodiment, an aerosol stream is focused and deposited onto a planar or non-planar target, forming a pattern that is ... | 03/13/2012 |
| 8110247 | Laser processing for heat-sensitive mesoscale deposition of oxygen-sensitive materials A method of depositing various materials onto heat-sensitive targets, particularly oxygen-sensitive materials. Heat-sensitive targets are generally defined as targets that have thermal damage thresholds that are lower than the temperature required to process a depos... | 02/07/2012 |
| 8077142 | Reflective, bi-stable magneto optical display architectures Reflective, low-cost display pixels and displays incorporating magneto-optical elements wherein an externally applied magnetic field is perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the magneto-optical elements and parallel to a viewing plane of a display made from these ... | 12/13/2011 |
| 8027906 | Portrayal of human information visualization An apparatus and method for displaying viewer reactions to a display object. The display object is divided into a plurality of spatial regions, viewer reactions are collected to an exposure to the display object and correlated with the spatial regions, and the displ... | 09/27/2011 |
| 8020326 | Magneto-optical display elements Composite magneto-optical elements with unique shapes and architectures comprising a magnetic component and a colored component. These magneto-optical elements can also be manufactured by a small variety of low-cost processes resulting in their use in a variety of a... | 09/20/2011 |
| 8006621 | Linear explosive breaching apparatus and method The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for explosive breaching. ... | 08/30/2011 |
| 7987813 | Apparatuses and methods for maskless mesoscale material deposition Apparatuses and processes for maskless deposition of electronic and biological materials. The process is capable of direct deposition of features with linewidths varying from the micron range up to a fraction of a millimeter, and may be used to deposit features on s... | 08/02/2011 |
| 7982439 | System for energy harvesting and/or generation, storage, and delivery A device and method for harvesting, generating, storing, and delivering energy to a load, particularly for remote or inaccessible applications. The device preferably comprises one or more energy sources, at least one supercapacitor, at least one rechargeable battery... | 07/19/2011 |
| 7961398 | Multiple image camera and lens system A system for simultaneously producing multiple images substantially identical images on multiple separate detector planes is disclosed. A reflective spatially beam-splitting element preferably comprising multiple reflective areas is preferably placed at a location s... | 06/14/2011 |
| 7955481 | Internal flow control in electrolytic cells Method and apparatus for controlling two phase flow in electrolytic cells. The present invention is directed to any electrolytic cell, including but not limited to upflow electrolytic cells that comprise parallel electrodes in a vertical orientation. Fluid control s... | 06/07/2011 |
| 7938341 | Miniature aerosol jet and aerosol jet array A miniaturized aerosol jet, or an array of miniaturized aerosol jets for direct printing of various aerosolized materials. In the most commonly used embodiment, an aerosol stream is focused and deposited onto a planar or non-planar target, forming a pattern that is ... | 05/10/2011 |
| 7938079 | Annular aerosol jet deposition using an extended nozzle Method and apparatus for improved maskless deposition of electronic and biological materials using an extended nozzle. The process is capable of direct deposition of features with linewidths varying from a few microns to a fraction of a millimeter, and can be used t... | 05/10/2011 |
| 7922890 | Low maintenance on-site generator Method and apparatus for a low maintenance, high reliability on-site electrolytic generator incorporating automatic cell monitoring for contaminant film buildup, as well as automatically removing or cleaning the contaminant film. This method and apparatus preferably... | 04/12/2011 |
| 7906980 | Rapid sweeping load testing circuit and method A circuit and method that provides an inexpensive and easily implemented rapidly-changing load test circuit for photovoltaic cells, which can be under pulsed light conditions. Embodiments of the present invention permit the testing of photovoltaic cells by causing a... | 03/15/2011 |
| 7879394 | Deep deposition head Method and apparatus for depositing material in hard to reach locations of a workpiece. An elongated member is inserted in an opening. The member transports a laser beam from a fiber laser and material, preferably in powder form, to the desired location. The materia... | 02/01/2011 |
| 7870813 | Radio frequency jammer method A method for broadcasting electromagnetic waves such that user-selected electromagnetic receivers are prevented from receiving an intended electromagnetic communication. ... | 01/18/2011 |
| 7864507 | Capacitors with low equivalent series resistance An electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) in a coin or button cell configuration having low equivalent series resistance (ESR). The capacitor comprises mesh or other porous metal that is attached via conducting adhesive to one or both the current collectors. The mes... | 01/04/2011 |
| 7824654 | Method and apparatus for generating hydrogen Method and apparatus for generating hydrogen from a fuel comprising an endothermically decomposable compound, preferably methanol, and optionally comprising water. A catalyst is preferably used to decompose the methanol into hydrogen and CO. The catalyst preferably ... | 11/02/2010 |
| 7740749 | Gas drive electrolytic cell The present invention is directed to an electrolytic cell that is completely sealed during the electrolysis operation during production of oxidant. Gasses generated within the electrolysis operation, primarily hydrogen that is liberated at the cathode surface, incre... | 06/22/2010 |
| 7720012 | Speaker identification in the presence of packet losses A system, method, and apparatus for identifying a speaker of an utterance, particularly when the utterance has portions of it missing due to packet losses. Different packet loss models are applied to each speaker's training data in order to improve accuracy, especia... | 05/18/2010 |
| 7692411 | System for energy harvesting and/or generation, storage, and delivery A device and method for harvesting, generating, storing, and delivering energy to a load, particularly for remote or inaccessible applications. The device preferably comprises one or more energy sources, at least one supercapacitor, at least one rechargeable battery... | 04/06/2010 |
| 7674671 | Aerodynamic jetting of aerosolized fluids for fabrication of passive structures Method and apparatus for direct writing of passive structures having a tolerance of 5% or less in one or more physical, electrical, chemical, or optical properties. The present apparatus is capable of extended deposition times. The apparatus may be configured for un... | 03/09/2010 |
| 7663269 | High bandwidth linear actuator for steering mirror applications A printed circuit board (PCB) coil linear actuator is disclosed. The actuator includes a coil assembly and a magnet assembly. The coil assembly includes a plurality of PCB coils electrically connected in series. The PCB coils arranged in a row and adjacent PCB coils... | 02/16/2010 |
| 7658163 | Direct write# system Methods and apparatus for the deposition of a source material (10) are disclosed. An atomizer (12) renders a supply of source material (10) into many discrete particles. A force applicator (14) propels the particles in continuous, paralle... | 02/09/2010 |
| 7649141 | Emitter wrap-through back contact solar cells on thin silicon wafers A thin emitter wrap-through solar cell and method for making a thin emitter wrap-through solar cell. The cell preferably includes a silicon wafer substrate having a thickness of less than 280 microns. The p-type area on the back side of the cell is minimized, which ... | 01/19/2010 |
| 7616363 | Method and apparatus for mass production of holograms A device and method for mass producing reflection holograms. Photosensitive material is drawn across an object to be copied and coherent radiation is scanned across the material and the object. The object may comprise a component which is variable, such as a counter... | 11/10/2009 |
| 7489718 | Matched impedance controlled avalanche driver Controlled avalanche driver circuits and apparatuses for gas lasers. One embodiment typically delivers short, rapid, high voltage ionizing pulses in combination with an electric field whose magnitude is too low to sustain a normal glow discharge. The plasma is typic... | 02/10/2009 |
| 7485345 | Apparatuses and methods for maskless mesoscale material deposition Apparatuses and processes for maskless deposition of electronic and biological materials. The process is capable of direct deposition of features with linewidths varying from the micron range up to a fraction of a millimeter, and may be used to deposit features on s... | 02/03/2009 |
| 7482591 | Carbonate scale detector An apparatus and method for detecting carbonate scale. An energy emitting device transmits energy through one optical window, through a fluid stream, and out through a second optical window where the energy is detected by an energy receiving device. As scale, such a... | 01/27/2009 |
| 7478586 | Rotisserie roaster smoker A self-contained apparatus having a rotating flavor barrel for roasting, grilling, searing, rotisserie cooking, and smoking food. The apparatus is easily assembled, disassembled and transported making it ideal for “tailgate” cooking. The apparatus may be mounted... | 01/20/2009 |
| 7450052 | Object detection method and apparatus Method and apparatus for detecting objects. In one embodiment, a person entering a secured zone is illuminated with low-power polarized radio waves. Differently polarized waves which are reflected back from the person are collected. Concealed weapons are detected by... | 11/11/2008 |
| 7449072 | Ultrasonic removal of materials from containers A method and apparatus for removing solid or semi-solid material from within a container, for example removing an energetic material from the casing of an explosive shell. The method is applicable to the demilitarization of aged or obsolete explosive ordnance, for e... | 11/11/2008 |
| 7445331 | Eyeglasses with integral folding case Eyeglasses having an integral case. The eyeglasses may swivel or slide out from a protective case. An attachment mechanism, such as a clip, may be integrated with the case. A file or other personal care item may also be integrated with the case or frame. In another ... | 11/04/2008 |
| 7437883 | Body armor cooling system A body armor cooling system for law enforcement officers having a hook-shaped nozzle attached to one end of a flexible hose member and a bellows assembly attached to the other end of the flexible hose member. The end of the hook-shaped nozzle is tucked beneath the p... | 10/21/2008 |
| 7399077 | Eyeglasses with integral case Eyeglasses having an integral case. The eyeglasses may swivel or slide out from a protective case. An attachment mechanism, such as a clip, may be integrated with the case. A file or other personal care item may also be integrated with the case or frame. In another ... | 07/15/2008 |
| 7390984 | High power liquid dielectric switch Method and apparatus for switching high power at high repetition rates. The apparatus is preferably a switch utilizing a pressurized flowing dielectric. The pressurized dielectric suppresses growth of dielectric breakdown byproducts, such as large bubbles and breakd... | 06/24/2008 |
| 7340125 | Optical switches and switching methods A device and method for collecting subject responses, particularly during magnetic imaging experiments and testing using a method such as functional MRI. The device comprises a non-metallic input device which is coupled via fiber optic cables to a computer or other ... | 03/04/2008 |
| 7335555 | Buried-contact solar cells with self-doping contacts A buried-contact solar cell, in-process buried-contact solar cell components and methods for making buried contact solar cells wherein a self-doping contact material is placed in a plurality of buried-contact surface grooves. By combining groove doping and metalliza... | 02/26/2008 |
| 7331400 | Fire resistant and smoke suppressing coatings A surface coating includes fire retarding and smoke suppressing constituents dispersed throughout an essentially non-toxic, water-based adhesive binder. The coating comprises a mixture of chemical compounds where each constituent falls into one of six functional gro... | 02/19/2008 |
| 7326330 | Method and apparatus for scale and biofilm control Method and apparatus for electrolytically controlling the formation of scale and biofilm in water purification and other systems. An anode is deposited on or disposed on or adjacent to a surface, such as that of a quartz UV tube, providing a low pH environment which... | 02/05/2008 |