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...Chester Carlson was a patent agent who tired of having to make multiple copies of patent applications using the only duplication method available at the time: carbon paper. In 1959 he came up with a new copying system and took it to IBM for evaluation. The "experts" at IBM determined potential sales to be only 5,000 units because people wouldn't want to use a bulky machine when they had carbon paper. Carlson's invention was the xerography process, the company founded on the system is Xerox.

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Assignee: The Regents of the University of Minnesota


Location: Minneapolis, MN
No. of patents: 56

1    
NumberTitleIssue Date
7351739Bioactive compounds and methods of uses thereof
In one aspect, the present invention provides compounds having formula I or IV as shown below: as further defined herein. In additional aspects, the present invention provides compositions and kits comprising the compounds ...
04/01/2008
7199114Triterpene quaternary salts as biologically active surfactants
The invention provides novel compounds that are quaternary amine derivatives of betulin and other triterpenes. The compounds have antibacterial, antifungal, and surfactant properties. ...
04/03/2007
6016475System, method, and article of manufacture for generating implicit ratings based on receiver operating curves
An electronic rating broker is provided. The rating broker includes an input mechanism for obtaining an implicit measure concerning items presented to a user. A processor is operatively coupled to the input mechanism and an output device to cooperatively ...
01/18/2000
5928879Method of diagnosing human granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
Methods for the in vitro cultivation, propagation, and production of antigens of Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup granulocytic Ehrlichiae, including Ehrlichia equi, in Ixodes scapularis tick cell culture and in human HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cell cul...
07/27/1999
5872243Caged nucleotides
The present invention describes a family of photolabile caged nucleotides, including cyclic nucleotides. The compounds of the present invention are caged analogs and derivatives of NAD+, NADH, NADP, NADPH, NAADP and cADPR. The photolysis of the...
02/16/1999
5441482Jet driven surgical suction device and method of using
A probe for use in collecting liquids entrained with a gaseous component, particularly collecting a patient's blood with entrained gas bubbles from a surgical site for autologous reinfusion. The probe separates the gaseous component from the collected liq...
08/15/1995
5028611Treatment for cocaine use
The craving for cocaine and use of cocaine among users may be reduced by administration of carbamazepine. Cocaine-usage is effectively treated with the carbamazepine administration....
07/02/1991
4991191Quantitative analysis of the active table ingredient by power x-ray diffractometry
A method for quantitatively analyzing solid mixtures of a crystalline ingredient and an excipient component in commercial pharmaceutical tablets by x-ray powder diffractometry using the intact tablet as is, without special sample preparation. The method c...
02/05/1991
4960520Method of removing organic volatile and semi-volatile contaminants from an aqueous solution
Contaminated water is pumped through hollow fiber membranes of microporous polypropylene with a very thin outside coating of plasma polymerized disiloxane. The fibers are potted in a module which resembles a shell and tube heat exchanger. Strippant is pum...
10/02/1990
4908317Metal accumulation and polysaccharide production
A thermophilic-acidophilic alga, strains of Cyanidium caldarium, is disclosed as having a very effective external uptake of metals from metal-containing aqueous media. A process is disclosed for producing at least one polysaccharide comprises contacting a...
03/13/1990
4824786Methylotroph cloning vehicle
A cloning vehicle comprising: a replication determinant effective for replicating the vehicle in a non-C1 -utilizing host and in a C1 -utilizing host; DNA effective to allow the vehicle to be mobilized from the non-C1 -uti...
04/25/1989
4626271Cyanobacterin herbicide
An herbicidal composition comprising cyanobacterin and a surfactant. Cyanobacterin obtained from extracts of blue-green algae or chemical synthesis when combined with a sticker such as non-ionic surfactants provides an heribicidal formulation which will a...
12/02/1986
4593300Folded logic gate
An FET logic gate structure includes two semiconductor layers separated by an insulator. An enhancement mode switching FET is formed in the top semiconductor layer, and a load element is formed in the bottom semiconductor layer. The insulator layer separa...
06/03/1986
4455061Multi-faceted holographic optical element and methods of making and using same
A holographic optical element is formed by subdividing the surface of a relatively thick dichromated gelatin film into numerous small areas so as to provide a corresponding number of volume facets therebeneath. Each facet is individually exposed with cohe...
06/19/1984
4386414Data processing system utilizing a holographic optical element
The data processing system makes use of a holographic optical element comprised of a number of facets, each facet containing a grating pattern for diffractively redistributing input light so that output light from a facet or a combination of facets repres...
05/31/1983
4364747System for regenerative thermally reversed adsorption
A system for the adsorption of a substance from a warm fluid containing the same. An initially relatively cool bed of adsorbent is fed with a relatively warm fluid containing an adsorbate. A sharp thermal wave is generated as the warm fluid enters the coo...
12/21/1982
4362729Alkoxyalkanoate esters of cyclaradine
Antiviral alkoxyalkanoate esters of cyclaradine having the formula: ##STR1## In the monoester Rx is an alkoxyalkanoyl group and Ry and Rz are hydrogen. In the diester Rx and Ry are alkoxyalkanoyl groups and Rz is hydrogen. In the triester Rx, Ry and ...
12/07/1982
4355504Apparatus for reducing particles discharged by combustion means
Apparatus for controlling particulate emissions from a combustion apparatus, such as a diesel engine. Diesel engine exhaust particles are electrically charged during the formation of the particles in the engine combustion chambers. A particle collector is...
10/26/1982
4338784Method of recycling collected exhaust particles
The method and apparatus for controlling particulate emissions from a combustion apparatus, as a diesel engine. Diesel engine exhaust particles are electrically charged during the formation of the particles in the engine combustion chamber. A particle col...
07/13/1982
4338310Alkoxyalkanoate esters of arabinofuranosyladenine
Alkoxyalkanoate esters of vidarabine of the formula ##STR1## wherein Rx, Ry and Rz are ##STR2## or hydrogen and wherein R1 is lower alkyl and R2 is lower alkylene, which compounds are useful...
07/06/1982
4321822Impactor apparatus
An impactor apparatus operable to collect particles for subsequent gravimetric or chemical analysis. The apparatus has a first assembly for supporting particle impaction means and a second nozzle assembly releasably mounted on the first assembly having no...
03/30/1982
4318393Porous surface solar energy receiver
A porous surface receiver and concentrator of reflected solar radiation. The receiver is part of a moderately or strongly concentrating solar collector such as a solar power tower system. In the latter, radiation is reflected by a plurality of heliostats ...
03/09/1982
4316360Apparatus for recycling collected exhaust particles
The method and apparatus for controlling particulate emissions from a combustion apparatus, as a diesel engine. Diesel engine exhaust particles are electrically charged during the formation of the particles in the engine combustion chamber. A particle col...
02/23/1982
4306553Method of maintaining the fluidity of hormone solutions for parenteral administration
A method of preventing the precipitation of hormone preparations within drug delivery systems that depend on the fluidity of the infusate for proper function. A non-toxic water soluble detergent is dissolved in the hormone solution prior to the introducti...
12/22/1981
4304096Method for reducing particulates discharged by combustion means
The method and apparatus for controlling particulate emissions from a combustion apparatus, as a diesel engine. Diesel engine exhaust particles are electrically charged during the formation of the particles in the engine combustion chambers. A particle co...
12/08/1981
4299220Implantable drug infusion regulator
An implantable flow regulator for the infusion of drugs into an animal body from a pressure actuated drug delivery device, such as an implantable infusion pump. The flow regulator comprises a body having a shallow cavity divided into two chambers by a fle...
11/10/1981
4298169Selective flocculation, magnetic separation, and flotation of ores
Low-grade, finely disseminated, ores that are not readily amenable to conventional flotation can be upgraded by a selective flocculation-magnetic separation-flotation process. Non-magnetic particles in such an ore can be selectively flocculated either by ...
11/03/1981
4296027Pure intravenous human and animal gamma globulins
Isolated and purified natural, unaltered, undenatured immune gamma globulin (IgG) for intravenous administration prepared from animal blood plasma, especially human. The products are characterized by high yield and high purity. They are unfragmented and u...
10/20/1981
4288546Process for the large scale production of pituitary hormones by serial secondary suspension culture
A new system of serially culturing anterior pituitary gland cells in a new nutrient medium under open aeration to produce large amounts of pituitary hormones. Using the new system of culture and new nutrient media, the pituitary cells can be grown in vitr...
09/08/1981
4273869Cystic fibrosis detection method
A method of diagnosing cystic fibrosis, identifying carriers for cystic fibrosis, and non-carriers or "normal" persons. Heretofore, no carrier or prenatal detection procedure for cystic fibrosis existed. The detection method is based on the discovery of t...
06/16/1981
4268672Adenosine deaminase resistant antiviral purine nucleosides and method of preparation
The preparation of (&#b1;)-9-[଱-(2଱,3ଲ-dihydroxy-4଱-(hydroxymethyl)cycl opentyl)]-6-substituted purines: ##STR1## and (&#b1;)-3-[଱-(2଱,3ଲ-dihydroxy-4଱-(hydroxymethyl)cycl opentyl)]-7-substituted...
05/19/1981
4257006Integrable analog active filter and method of same
Integrable analog active filter suitable for MOS monolithic implementation. The filter utilizes only integrating amplifiers and ratioed capacitors thus being implementable in MOS technology and compatible for use in MOS digital systems. Filters of unlimit...
03/17/1981
4250741Precision spinning drop interfacial tensiometer
An improved instrument for the precise measurement of interfacial tension between two fluid phases by means of a drop of the less dense fluid surrounded by the more dense fluid, both fluids spinning together in gyrostatic equilibrium. Elements of the inve...
02/17/1981
4247298Drug dissolution with a cascade barrier bed
A pore-size graded, packed cascade barrier bed, flow-through cell for the measurement of dissolution behavior. The cell containing a porous packing of insoluble multi-particulate solids is designed to retain, in a flow of solvent, particulate solids such ...
01/27/1981
4242628Wind energy conversion system
A wind turbine drives the squirrel-cage rotor of a capacitively excited induction generator. The amount of excitation is controlled in accordance with the output voltage of the stator and hence the speed of the wind turbine. The generating system is capab...
12/30/1980
4224660Composite filter for suppressing harmonic frequencies on electric power transmission lines
AC to DC converters used in high-voltage direct-current power transmission lines produce objectionable harmonics. The composite filter herein described is actively tuned for the eleventh and thirteenth harmonics in addition to providing a low impedance pa...
09/23/1980
4223156Adenosine deaminase resistant antiviral purine nucleosides and method of preparation
The preparation of (+)-9-[଱-(2଱,3ଲ-dihydroxy-4଱-(hydroxymethyl)cyclope ntyl)]-6-substituted purines: ##STR1## and (+)-3-[଱-(2଱,3ଲ-dihydroxy-4଱-(hydroxymethyl)cyclope ntyl)]7-substituted-v-triazo...
09/16/1980
4189070Reaction injection molding machine
A machine for metering and mixing two or more liquids, which are rapidly reactive to form a solid polymer, immediately prior to the injection of the liquids into a molding machine. The machine is characterized by two or more metering cylinders into which ...
02/19/1980
4186132Isatin products
An aniline is converted to a 3-lower hydrocarbonthiooxindole by processes already known in the art, the product converted to a 3-halo-3-lower hydrocarbonthiooxindole by oxidative halogenation, and the product subjected to hydrolysis to form the desired is...
01/29/1980
4174816Sterile surgical cord and tube retractor
A sterile surgical cord and tube retractor for use by surgeons while operating to maintain accessories, such as suction tubes and cauterizing forceps, within easy reach of the surgeon without obstructing the surgical field with tubing and cord when not in...
11/20/1979
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