William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 6543717 | Compact optimal and modulatable thrust device for controlling aerospace vehicles The thrust device comprises a valve body (20) having a chamber (24) surrounding part of the needle, at least one gas admission opening (27) opening out into the chamber, and a gas outlet opening (25) opening out into the chamber and defined by a wall port... | 04/08/2003 |
| 6516872 | High heat flux regenerative circuit, in particular for the combustion chamber of a rocket engine A regenerative circuit structure is built up by implementing the following steps in particular: an intermediate layer is made on a support core representing the inner profile of the structure; a series of channels regularly distributed around the core is made ... | 02/11/2003 |
| 6482485 | Structural part including a portion made of thermostructural composite material cooled by fluid circulation The piece made of composite material comprises a plate and a plurality of stiffeners integrally formed with the plate. A metal wall is fixed to the edges of the stiffeners and is provided with passages for circulating the fluid. The plate exposed to the h... | 11/19/2002 |
| 6418710 | Deployable diverging part for a thruster A diverging ring is displaceable between a retracted position in which it surrounds a first portion of a diverging part and a deployed position in which it is connected to a downstream end of the first portion. A deployment mechanism causes the diverging ... | 07/16/2002 |
| 6413585 | Thermochemical treatment, in halogenated atmosphere, of a carbon-containing material The invention concerns (1) thermochemically treating by pack-cementation a carbon-containing material, which may have an open porosity, to generate a refractory carbide coating on its surface and, if the material is porous, within the material; and (2) th... | 07/02/2002 |
| 6410088 | CVI (chemical vapor infiltration) densification of porous structures The present invention provides a method of densifying porous structures by chemical vapor infiltration. In characteristic manner, said densification method is implemented using toluene as a precursor for carbon. Said toluene is generally used mixed with a... | 06/25/2002 |
| 6401941 | Rack for loading parts for heat treatment The rack is made essentially out of thermostructural composite material and comprises a baseplate (12), a partition (14) extending above the baseplate, and a plurality of support arms (20) fixed to the partition and extending substantially horizontally th... | 06/11/2002 |
| 6397581 | Heat exchanger in composite material and method for making same The heat exchanger comprises an intermediate portion (14) of refractory composite material, e.g. of C/C composite material, in which fluid circulation channels (16) are formed, and which is interposed between a portion of refractory composite material, e.... | 06/04/2002 |
| 6378294 | System for activating an adjustable tube by means of an elastic ring for a thrust nozzle A steerable nozzle for a reaction engine comprises a fixed portion (1) for connection to the engine, a plurality of steerable flaps (21) mounted on one end (11) of the fixed portion, and flap steering means (3, 4, 22, 31). The nozzle is characterized in t... | 04/30/2002 |
| 6375095 | Swiveling, converging-diverging, axisymmetric exhaust nozzle An axisymmetric, converging-diverging and swiveling exhaust nozzle includes converging flaps (3) driven by an axially displaceable drive ring (7). The diverging flaps (15) are connected by linkrods (20) to a pivoting ring (21). The pivoting ring (21) is m... | 04/23/2002 |
| 6367768 | Direct control fuel valve for fuel flow injecting circuit A fuel valve for a fuel flow injection circuit, operating on electrical energy rather than hydraulic energy. The fuel valve has a valve body, a first fuel inlet opening, and a distribution assembly having a plug rotating in a bushing, the plug and bushing... | 04/09/2002 |
| 6332027 | Noise-absorption structures and walls constituted thereby A noise-absorption structure comprising a frame over which a gastight membrane is tensioned, the outside face of the membrane receiving soundwaves, a gas such as air filling the volume defined by the frame and the membrane, and energy-dissipation means ho... | 12/18/2001 |
| 6314815 | Pressure sensor with compensation for null shift non-linearity at very low temperatures In order to compensate non-linearity in the zero drift of the bridge at very low temperatures, a strain gauge in at least one of the arms of the bridge is in series with a resistor, e.g., a connection lead, of resistance that is much less than that of the... | 11/13/2001 |
| 6291058 | Composite material with ceramic matrix and SiC fiber reinforcement, method for making same The material comprises fiber reinforcement made of fibers that are essentially constituted by silicon carbide, and an interphase layer between the fibers of the reinforcement and the matrix. The reinforcing fibers are long fibers containing less than 5% a... | 09/18/2001 |
| 6286582 | Process for the manufacture of thin ceramic cores for use in precision casting A process for the manufacture of a thin ceramic core involves casting a band of uniform thickness on a support from a solution of a ceramic material based on silica and zircon in a binder, drying the band, shaping the band in a mold and carrying out prehe... | 09/11/2001 |
| 6284358 | Textile preforms sheathed in a boron nitride coating, composites incorporating them and their preparation The present invention provides: fiber preforms sheathed in a boron nitride coating, said coating (generated on said previously-prepared fiber preforms) having a structure that is original: microporous and granular; thermostructural composite materials in which... | 09/04/2001 |
| 6281622 | Closed electron drift plasma thruster adapted to high thermal loads The closed electron drift plasma thruster uses a magnetic circuit to create a magnetic field in a main annular channel for ionization and acceleration, said magnetic circuit comprises: an essentially radial first outer pole piece; a conical second outer p... | 08/28/2001 |
| 6279314 | Closed electron drift plasma thruster with a steerable thrust vector The thruster comprises, on a common plate, a plurality of main annular ionization and acceleration channels having axes that are not parallel and that converge in the outlet direction of the channels. A magnetic circuit sets up a magnetic field in the ann... | 08/28/2001 |
| 6277348 | Preparation of mesophasic polyborazylene mesophasic polyborazylene and use as a BN precursor The present invention relates to: a novel process for the preparation of mesophasic polyborazylene. Said process is of particular value in that it affords a quality product from an appropriate polyborazylene, rapidly (virtually instantaneously), reproduci... | 08/21/2001 |
| 6251317 | Method for manufacturing a ceramic composite material The present method of manufacturing a ceramic composite material, composed of matrix and reinforcing materials and an intermediate weak interfice material, creates a composite material particuarly intended for use at temperatures above 1400° C. and in an... | 06/26/2001 |
| 6251270 | Fuel circuit with protected main filter A main filter for an airplane fuel circuit or a fuel circuit for any type of mechanism, the filter having a first and second entry, which go directly into a chamber containing a filtering unit, the first entry receiving the fuel at a temperature essential... | 06/26/2001 |
| 6231709 | Method of making a spring out of thermostructural composite material A fiber preform is made from a fiber block by forming at least one cut in the block, so as to make a gap between two portions of the preform corresponding to segments of a spring that is to be made, and the preform is densified by a material for constitut... | 05/15/2001 |
| 6228786 | Hybrid yard for the fabrication of fiber preforms of composite parts, and method for its preparation A yarn is formed from discontinuous parallel fibers which are not twisted and which are held together by a covering yarn of sacrificial material wound around the fibers. The fibers comprise an intimate mixture of fibers of at least two different natures s... | 05/08/2001 |
| 6228444 | Method of making tubes out of composite material having high tribological and mechanical characteristics A tubular structure comprising reinforcing fibers impregnated with a thermosetting polymer and a sheet of matrix material filled with an additive suitable for improving tribological and heat conductivity characteristics of the tubular structure. The reinf... | 05/08/2001 |
| 6228513 | Method of improving oxidation and corrosion resistance of a superalloy article, and a superalloy article obtained by the method A method of improving the oxidation and corrosion resistance of a superalloy article comprises providing a superalloy substrate having a sulphur content which is less than 0.8 ppm by weight, and depositing on the substrate a protective antioxidation coati... | 05/08/2001 |
| 6223774 | Redundant regulation valve The redundant regulation valve for controlling fluid flow comprises a valve body defining a passage for the flow of the fluid, a main throttle element movable by means of a main control device to selectively obstruct the passage, and a redundant throttle ... | 05/01/2001 |
| 6221475 | Friction element in composite carbon/carbon-silicon carbide material and method for manufacturing same A friction element is made out of a composite material comprising carbon fiber reinforcement and a matrix which, at least in the vicinity of the or each friction face, comprises: a first phase in the vicinity of the reinforcing fibers and containing pyrol... | 04/24/2001 |
| 6220816 | Device for transferring fluid between two successive stages of a multistage centrifugal turbomachine The fluid transfer device comprises a stator assembly incorporating a plurality of return channels which pick up the high speed fluid flow leaving a centrifugal impeller of one stage of the turbomachine for the purpose of rectifying, slowing down, and con... | 04/24/2001 |
| 6213432 | Method and a system for putting a space vehicle into orbit, using thrusters of high specific impulse The method serves to place a space vehicle, such as a satellite, on a target orbit such as the orbit adapted to normal operation of the space vehicle and starting from an elliptical initial orbit that is significantly different from, and in particular mor... | 04/10/2001 |
| 6199370 | Acoustic igniter and ignition method for propellant liquid rocket engine The invention concerns an acoustic igniter for igniting a mixture of rocket fuels in a liquid propellant rocket engine combustion chamber comprising a cylindrical precombustion chamber (101) including a cylindrical wall (111) and first and second end wall... | 03/13/2001 |
| 6183888 | Process for producing a coating for providing superalloys with highly efficient protection against high-temperature corrosion, a protective coating formed by the process, and articles protected by the coating A process for producing a coating for protecting superalloy articles against high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion comprises forming, on the surface of the article, a first deposit of an agglomerated powdered alloy containing at least chromium, alu... | 02/06/2001 |
| 6174570 | Method for metal coating of fibres by liquid process The invention concerns a method for metal coating of fibres (15) by liquid process, said method being particularly but not exclusively designed for coating in thick and even layers (22) with metals and metal alloys having high melting point and reactivity... | 01/16/2001 |
| 6170256 | Anchor device for a member for actuating a steerable nozzle A fitting (22) connected to an actuator member (18a) is mounted on a diverging portion (12) by means of inserts (32) designed to be placed and held in the wall of the diverging portion, and fixing means which comprises an elastically-deformable element (2... | 01/09/2001 |
| 6164563 | Converging exhaust nozzle fitted with translating cold flaps A gas-flow exhaust assembly for a jet propulsion system of an aircraft in which a converging exhaust nozzle (4) is fitted with translating cold flaps (21, 22). The primary exhaust nozzle (4) comprises two hot-flaps (5, 6) situated beyond a primary duct (1... | 12/26/2000 |
| 6158209 | Device for concentrating ion beams for hydromagnetic propulsion means and hydromagnetic propulsion means equipped with same The ion beam concentration apparatus for a plasma thruster having closed electron drift comprises: a) an essentially frustoconical flared magnetic pole piece (63) open at both ends and designed to be situated downstream from the outlet plane of a plasma t... | 12/12/2000 |
| 6148605 | Method and device for reversing the thrust of very high bypass ratio turbojet engines A high bypass ratio turbojet engine comprising a fan rotated by the shaft of a low pressure turbine via a speed reducer is provided with a thrust reverser device by providing the speed reducer with first and second epicyclic gear trains which are mounted ... | 11/21/2000 |
| 6149074 | Device for cooling or heating a circular housing The housing is heated or cooled to adjust its diameter and, in particular, the play between the tips of the rotor blades and the housing. The apparatus consists of networks of tubes (1) covering complementary portions of the circumference of the housing a... | 11/21/2000 |
| 6135712 | Turbomachine with mutual braking of concentric shafts A coating (22) with a high coefficient of friction and low thermal conductivity covers a turbomachine low pressure shaft (12) in the vicinity (17) of a concentric high pressure shaft (11), in the area at which high friction contact between the two shafts ... | 10/24/2000 |
| 6131858 | Compact single-propellant unitary propulsion system for a small satellite A compact single-propellant unitary propulsion system for placing a satellite into an orbit and subsequently correcting the orbit so that the satellite is stabilized on three axes comprises a liquid propellant tank secured to a satellite platform and havi... | 10/17/2000 |
| 6132526 | Titanium-based intermetallic alloys A titanium-based intermetallic alloy having a high yield stress, a high creep resistance and sufficient ductility at ambient temperature has the following chemical composition as measured in atomic percentages: Al, from 16 to 26; Nb, from 18 to 28; Mo, from 0 ... | 10/17/2000 |