...Chester Carlson was a patent agent who tired of having to make multiple copies of patent applications using the only duplication method available at the time: carbon paper. In 1959 he came up with a new copying system and took it to IBM for evaluation. The "experts" at IBM determined potential sales to be only 5,000 units because people wouldn't want to use a bulky machine when they had carbon paper. Carlson's invention was the xerography process, the company founded on the system is Xerox.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8173118 | Compositions consisting essentially of TGF-β, BMP-2 FGF-4, leukemia inhibitory factor, IGF-1, IL-6 and H-α-thrombin This document provides methods and materials for treating cardiovascular tissue. For example, stem cells, compositions containing stem cells, methods for obtaining stem cells, compositions for generating stem cells expressing particular markers (e.g., compositions c... | 05/08/2012 |
| 8167842 | Introducer apparatus with cutting edges An introducer apparatus with a plurality of cutting edges along the outer surface of the distal end of an introducer with a blunt distal end is disclosed. The introducer may be adapted to extend from and be withdrawn into the sheath. The cutting edges may resect tis... | 05/01/2012 |
| 8163550 | Enhancement of immune responses by 4-1BB-binding agents This invention features methods of enhancing immune responses in mammalian subjects and in vitro methods of enhancing the response of a T cell. Also embodied by the invention are methods of receiving and preventing the induction of energy in T cells. ... | 04/24/2012 |
| 8162936 | Controlling coagulum formation Some embodiments of a medical instrument can be configured to reduce the formation of coagulum by delivering a negative charge bias to conductive surfaces that interface with blood or bodily tissue during a medical procedure. The application of the negative charge a... | 04/24/2012 |
| 8155419 | MRI acquisition using sense and highly undersampled fourier space sampling An MRI system produces a three-dimensional image by acquiring NMR signals that fully sample a central region of k-space and partially sample peripheral region of k-space. Specifically, k-space is arranged as a three-dimensional (3D) Cartesian grid of points that is ... | 04/10/2012 |
| 8153592 | Modulating toll-like receptor activity This description provides methods and materials related to modulating Toll-like receptor activity. For example, methods and materials for increasing or decreasing the responsiveness of a TLR4 polypeptide are provided. ... | 04/10/2012 |
| 8143014 | CD38 and obesity This document provides methods and materials relating to obesity. For example, methods and materials related to treating obesity and identifying agents having the ability to treat obesity are provided. ... | 03/27/2012 |
| 8137977 | Lipidomic approaches to determining drug response phenotypes in cardiovascular disease The present invention concerns the application of lipidomics to statin treatment for disorders such as cardiovascular disorders. Hence, the invention provides, among other things, a method of correlating a lipid profile with a positive or negative response to a stat... | 03/20/2012 |
| 8129347 | Methods for treating autoimmune diseases using B7-H4 polypeptides and fragments thereof The invention provides novel B7-H3 and B7-H4 polypeptides useful for co-stimulating T cells, isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding them, vectors containing the nucleic acid molecules, and cells containing the vectors. Also included are methods of making and using... | 03/06/2012 |
| 8128592 | Methods and systems for performing submucosal medical procedures Instruments, systems and methods are provided for performing submucosal medical procedures in a desired area of the digestive tract using endoscopy. Instruments include a safe access needle injection instrument, a submucosal tunneling instrument, a submucosal dissec... | 03/06/2012 |
| 8119348 | Compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating macular degeneration The present invention relates generally to biomarkers for macular degeneration. In particular, the present invention provides a plurality of biomarkers for monitoring and diagnosing macular degeneration. The compositions and methods of the present invention find use... | 02/21/2012 |
| 8114154 | Fluid-filled delivery system for in situ deployment of cardiac valve prostheses An instrument for deploying a cardiac valve prosthesis, including a plurality of radially expandable portions, at an implantation site, includes a plurality of deployment elements each independently operable to obtain the radial expansion of a radially expandable po... | 02/14/2012 |
| 8108710 | Differential communication link with skew compensation circuit A system and method is presented for reducing skew between the positive and negative components of a differential signal in a high speed communications link. The communications link includes a signal generator producing and transmitting complementary positive and ne... | 01/31/2012 |
| 8101362 | Detection of The invention provides methods to detect C. difficile in biological samples using real-time PCR. Primers and probes for the detection of C. difficile are provided by the invention. Articles of manufacture containing such primers and probes for detectin... | 01/24/2012 |
| 8097413 | Detection of group B The invention provides methods to detect group B streptococcus (GBS) in biological samples using real-time PCR. Primers and probes for the detection of GBS are provided by the invention. Articles of manufacture containing such primers and probes for detecting... | 01/17/2012 |
| 8095202 | Accelerated shells trajectory MRI acquisition An MRI k-space data set is acquired using a series of shell k-space sampling trajectories of different radii. Off-resonance effects are reduced and fat-suppression can be improved by using a shorter TR for pulse sequences that sample at smaller radii. At larger radi... | 01/10/2012 |
| 8093234 | Method of increasing thymic output in HIV-negative patients by treatment with antiretroviral agents A method of increasing thymic output in an HIV-negative patient, comprising the steps of (a) identifying a HIV-negative patient who is in need of increased thymic output and (b) supplying an effective amount of antiretroviral agent to the patient such that the patie... | 01/10/2012 |
| 8076117 | Microbial biofilm removal methods and systems Methods, kits, and systems for removing microbial biofilms from surfaces of objects (such as, e.g., explanted medical devices) are disclosed. The methods, kits, and systems rely on the use of acoustic energy in the presence of microbubbles to enhance biofilm removal... | 12/13/2011 |
| 8072216 | Shear wave generation system for medical imaging A system is configured to produce a stress on a subject while performing a magnetic resonance elastography scan in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The system includes an active driver operable to produce an energy configured for a magnetic resonance elast... | 12/06/2011 |
| 8063191 | Polynucleotides encoding for fusion proteins with natriuresis activity This document provides methods and material related to natriuretic polypeptides. For example, substantially pure polypeptides having a natriuretic peptide activity, nucleic acids encoding polypeptides having a natriuretic peptide activity, host cells containing such... | 11/22/2011 |
| 8058230 | Neurotensin receptor agonists and opioid receptor agonists This document provides methods and materials for treating pain. For example, this document provides methods that involve administering a neurotensin receptor (NTR) agonist and an opioid receptor agonist to a mammal (e.g., a human). Compositions containing an NTR ago... | 11/15/2011 |
| 8048662 | Sulfotransferase 1E1 sequence variants Isolated sulfotransferase nucleic acid molecules that include a nucleotide sequence variant and nucleotides flanking the sequence variant are described, as well as sulfotransferase allozymes. Methods for determining if a mammal is predisposed to cancer also are desc... | 11/01/2011 |
| 8043341 | Spinal fixation support device and methods of using The invention provides for a spinal fixation support device to be used in conjunction with spinal fixation instrumentation. The invention further provides for methods of using the spinal fixation support device. In addition, the invention provides for a spinal fixat... | 10/25/2011 |
| 8039589 | B7-DC variants Variant costimulatory polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding such polypeptides, and methods for using the polypeptides and nucleic acids to enhance a T cell response are provided herein. ... | 10/18/2011 |
| 8034577 | Methods and probes for detecting esophageal cancer Probe sets and methods of using probes and probe sets for selectively detecting high grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma or low grade dysplasia from biologic samples are described. Methods of the invention include contacting a biological sample obtained fr... | 10/11/2011 |
| 8031921 | Electronic stool subtraction in CT colonography A method for processing CT colonography input image voxel data representative of 3-dimensional images of a colon having gas and stool tagged with stool tagging agent, to remove the stool from the images. The input image voxel data is generated by an imaging instrume... | 10/04/2011 |
| 8029570 | Implantation of magnets in bone to reduce contact pressure Permanent magnets are implanted in bone to unload compressive forces at joints using the repulsive force therebetween. A porous metal container is implanted first and becomes fixed in place by bone growth. The permanent magnet is then inserted in the container and r... | 10/04/2011 |
| 8027718 | Regional anesthetic A method and apparatus are disclosed for anesthetizing a region of a patient's body. The method includes identifying a target nerve which, upon activation, anesthetizes a region of a patient's body including a surgical site. The target nerve is located and an active... | 09/27/2011 |
| 8019801 | Techniques to rate the validity of multiple methods to process multi-dimensional data A system and method for rating the validity of multiple data processing algorithms A1-An on a set of multi-dimensional input data I where P1-Pn is the output data produced by the competing algorithms. Processing steps incl... | 09/13/2011 |
| 8009793 | Method for imaging plaque using dual energy CT Two x-ray CT images are acquired of arterial plaque using x-rays at two different energy levels. The reconstructed images are normalized by adjusting pixel brightness until pixels depicting a region containing calcium have substantially the same brightness. The norm... | 08/30/2011 |
| 8008261 | Methods of reducing trail-induced apoptosis by trail isoforms This document provides to methods and materials related to apoptosis. For example, methods and materials for modulating apoptosis are provided. In addition, methods and materials for treating a mammal having an apoptosis-associated condition are provided. ... | 08/30/2011 |
| 8003333 | Serum biomarkers for early detection of acute cellular rejection The present invention provides an improved method of diagnosing a subject having received an organ transplant with Acute Cellular Rejection (ACR). The method comprises obtaining a biological sample from the subject, detecting an amount of at least one protein indica... | 08/23/2011 |
| 8003325 | Polymorphisms of the BLyS gene and use in diagnostic methods The present invention provides an isolated polynucleotide comprising at least one polymorphic nucleotide sequence, for example, the major alleles of the SNPs described as rs12583006, rs1224141, and rs1248930 and diagnostic assays for detecting the presence of these ... | 08/23/2011 |
| 7998678 | Methods for the detection of lung cancer Probe sets and methods of using probes and probe sets for the detection of cancer are described. Methods for detecting cancer that include hybridizing a set of chromosomal probes to a biological sample obtained from a patient, and identifying if cancer cells are pre... | 08/16/2011 |
| 7998670 | Method and probe set for detecting cancer Methods for detecting cancer that include hybridizing a set of chromosomal probes to a biological sample obtained from a patient, and identifying if aneusomic cells are present in a selected subset of cells obtained from the biological sample are described. A set of... | 08/16/2011 |
| 7993841 | Method of screening for LRRK2-related parkinsonism inheritance A polynucleotide consisting of the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a complementary strand thereto, wherein the X is one of the group being defined by the bases A, C or T. A primer and a probe specific for that polynucleotide, wherein the primer and/or probe contai... | 08/09/2011 |
| 7991449 | Imaging elastic properties of the lung with magnetic resonance elastography A noble gas is administered to a subject to fill the lungs and magnetic resonance elastography image data is acquired while vibrations are applied to the chest wall. Shear waves are established in the gas-filled lungs by the vibrations and a shear modulus image is r... | 08/02/2011 |
| 7988969 | Treatment for central nervous system disorders Compositions that include an Aβ polypeptide linked to a non-Aβ polypeptide are described, as well as methods of using such compositions. ... | 08/02/2011 |
| 7987718 | Vibroacoustic system for vibration testing Forces are applied to a device under test and its mechanical response is measured by a laser vibrometer (50). The forces are applied without making physical contact with the device by producing an acoustical force with an ultrasonic beam (54). One embo... | 08/02/2011 |
| 7982022 | System for monitoring the location of transgenes A novel strategy for monitoring the location of a transgene in a mammal is disclosed. A sodium iodide symporter is genetically fused to either the N-terminus or C-terminus of the product of a transgene through a linker peptide which bears the recognition sequence of... | 07/19/2011 |