William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 6337412 | Three stage propylene oxide process A three stage process for producing propylene oxide from propylene, oxygen, and hydrogen. The first reaction step is the oxidation of isopropanol/water with molecular oxygen in a reaction-distillation column (approx. 500 psi and 350° F.), to produce hydr... | 01/08/2002 |
| 5792428 | Apparatus for conducting exothermic reactions An apparatus for oligomerization of C4 and C5 isoolefins or the etherification thereof with C1 to C6 alcohols wherein the reactants are contacted first in a partial liquid phase reactor (boiling point reactor) w... | 08/11/1998 |
| 5741930 | Reduction of nitrite contaminants by selective hydrogenation A process for selectively reducing nitrile contaminants in fluids such as water, methanol or hydrocarbon streams containing mono olefins and which contain minor amounts of contaminants comprising nitriles in the presence of hydrogen and a supported cobalt... | 04/21/1998 |
| 5730843 | Catalytic distillation structure A contact structure, useful as a distillation structure, has a rigid frame made of two substantially vertical duplicate grids spaced apart and held rigid by a plurality of substantially horizontal rigid members and a plurality of substantially horizontal ... | 03/24/1998 |
| 5684213 | Method for the preparation of dialkyl ethers A method for producing dialkyl ethers comprising feeding a stream containing a C1 to C4 alcohol to a distillation column reactor into a feed zone, contacting the stream with a fixed bed zeolite prepared as a distillation structure to... | 11/04/1997 |
| 5679862 | Amination process A process for the amination of aliphatic alkane derivatives such as alcohols (mono and polyhydric) which uses catalytic distillation to take advantage of the condensing distillate within the distillation reaction zone in the distillation column reactor. T... | 10/21/1997 |
| 5679241 | Olefin plant recovery system employing catalytic distillation The C2 to C5 and heavier acetylenes and dienes in a thermally cracked feed stream are hydrogenated without significantly hydrogenating the C2 and C3 olefins. Additionally, the C4 and heavier olefins m... | 10/21/1997 |
| 5629451 | Reduction of nitrile contaminants by selective hydrogenation A process for selectively reducing nitrile contaminants in fluids such as water, methanol or hydrocarbon streams containing mono olefins and which contain minor amounts of contaminants comprising nitriles in the presence of hydrogen and a supported cobalt... | 05/13/1997 |
| 5628880 | Etherification--hydrogenation process A process for removing dienes from etherification uses a hydrogenation zone in the reactor distillation column above the etherification zone. MTBE is produced and the unreacted C4 stream is also subjected to selective hydrogenation of the butad... | 05/13/1997 |
| 5618503 | Antimony pentafluoride A method of preparing antimony pentafluoride comprising converting antimony compounds to hydroxonium fluoroantimonates by reaction of the antimony compounds with fluorinating material, such as hydrogen fluoride, in the presence of an oxidizing agent, such... | 04/08/1997 |
| 5600049 | Process for depropanizing benzene In the alkylation of benzene with propylene in a distillation column reactor to produce cumene the overheads from the distillation reactor are fed to a depropanizer where the unreacted benzene is separated from C3 's. Liquid propylene feed for ... | 02/04/1997 |
| 5599997 | Process for the production of cyclohexyl amine A process for the hydrogenation of aniline to produce cyclohexyl amine is disclosed wherein the reaction is carried out in a distillation column reactor at a hydrogen partial pressure in the range of 0.1 psia to less than 100 psia. The catalyst is prepare... | 02/04/1997 |
| 5597476 | Gasoline desulfurization process A catalytic cracked naphtha is desulfurized with minimum loss of olefins and octane. The naphtha is fed to a first distillation column reactor which acts as a depentanizer or dehexanizer with the lighter material containing most of the olefins and mercapt... | 01/28/1997 |
| 5595634 | Process for selective hydrogenation of highly unsaturated compounds and isomerization of olefins in hydrocarbon streams A process for treating C3 to C12 petroleum fractions, such as a light cracked naphtha to be used as an etherification feed stock in which H2 S is removed by distillation of at least the C3 fraction and mercaptan... | 01/21/1997 |
| 5554264 | Multiple reboiler system To heat the circulating reboiler streams of multiple distillation columns a fired reboiler is provided for a first column requiring the most heat. A portion of the bottoms from the first column is passed through the tubes of the heater in the fired reboil... | 09/10/1996 |
| 5510089 | Method for operating a distillation column reactor A method is provided for removing catalyst from a distillation column reactor and replacing the catalyst with fresh or regenerated catalyst. More specifically a small particulate catalyst is supported by wire mesh or screen or filter medium on trays in a ... | 04/23/1996 |
| 5510568 | Process for the removal of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide from hydrocarbon streams A process for treating a light cracked naphtha to be used as an etherification or alkylation feedstock in which the mercaptans and diolefins are removed simultaneously in a distillation column reactor using a Pd catalyst. The mercaptans are reacted with t... | 04/23/1996 |
| 5476978 | Process for the preparation of ethyl benzene Ethyl benzene is produced in a catalyst bed under 0.25 to 50 atmospheres of pressure and at temperatures in the range of 50° C. to 300° C., using as the catalyst a mole sieve characterized as acidic by feeding ethylene to the catalyst bed while benzene ... | 12/19/1995 |
| 5457277 | Multiple reboiler system To heat the circulating reboiler streams of multiple distillation columns a fired reboiler is provided for a first column requiring the most heat. A portion of the bottoms from the first column is passed through the tubes of the heater in the fired reboil... | 10/10/1995 |
| 5446231 | Method for removing contaminants from hydrocarbon streams The present invention is a method for removing nitrile contaminants from C5 streams. In particular, a C5 stream is washed in a countercurrent fashion with a mixture comprising 50% methanol and 50% water to extract the nitriles from t... | 08/29/1995 |
| 5446223 | Alkylation of organic aromatic compounds The aging rate of the catalyst in a process for the concurrent alkylation of aromatic with olefin and distillation of reaction components (reactants and products) in a distillation column reactor in a catalyst bed wherein the catalyst also serves as the d... | 08/29/1995 |
| 5431888 | Multi-purpose catalytic distillation column A multi-purpose distillation column reactor is disclosed which may be used for the production of tertiary amyl methyl ether from the reaction of the isoamylenes contained in a light naphtha with methanol. Two reaction distillation zones are disposed above... | 07/11/1995 |
| 5431890 | Catalytic distillation structure A bale shaped catalytic distillation structure formed by placing multiple link or continuous tube shaped structures on top of a wire mesh screen, such as demister wire, arrayed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the bale, such that when the wire mesh... | 07/11/1995 |
| 5430197 | Recovery of alcohol from hydrocarbon streams Excess alcohol, e.g. methanol contained in a C4 -C6 hydrocarbon stream is removed in process using less water and energy than a conventional water wash by subjecting the stream to a first single stage water wash with 2 to 10 wt % wat... | 07/04/1995 |
| 5338517 | Catalytic distillation column reactor and tray A distillation column reactor is provided having special trays arranged within the column to provide better mixing and thus achieve better mass and energy transfer between the liquid, vapor and catalyst. The trays comprise a slotted support plate for the ... | 08/16/1994 |
| 5336841 | Oxygenate removal in MTBE process A process is provided to remove oxygenates from a C4 raffinate stream from an MTBE plant. A back-cracking catalyst is placed into the bottom of an oxygenate removal column which will convert any MTBE or TBA contained therein back to their origi... | 08/09/1994 |
| 5321181 | Alkylation of organic aromatic compounds Aromatic compounds are alkylated in a catalytic distillation, wherein the catalyst structure also serves as a distillation component by contacting the aromatic compound with a C2 to C10 olefin in the catalyst bed under 0.25 to 50 atm... | 06/14/1994 |
| 5321163 | Multi-purpose catalytic distillation column and eterification process using same A multi-purpose distillation column reactor is disclosed which may be used for the production of tertiary amyl methyl ether from the reaction of the isoamylenes contained in a light naphtha with methanol. Two reaction distillation zones are disposed above... | 06/14/1994 |
| 5313005 | Method for controlling catalytic distillation etherifications A process for the etherification of isoolefins with alcohols is provided wherein the reaction occurs simultaneously with separation of the ether product and reactants. To assure proper alcohol concentration in a catalytic distillation column, the oxygen c... | 05/17/1994 |
| 5266546 | Catalytic distillation machine A catalytic distillation structure comprising a tube of open mesh wire containing particulate catalyst and sealed on each end along seams at 15° to 90° relative to each other.... | 11/30/1993 |
| 5262012 | Catalytic distillation system A catalytic distillation system is provided having a first component which is a particulate catalyst useful for carrying out the desired chemical reaction and a second component which is a hollow geometric shape having openings through the outer surface t... | 11/16/1993 |
| 5248837 | Method for controlling catalytic distillation etherifications A process for the etherification of isoolefins with alcohols is provided wherein the reaction occurs simultaneously with separation of the ether product and reactants. To assure proper alcohol concentration throughout the reaction zone, the alcohol concen... | 09/28/1993 |
| 5248836 | Process for the preparation of ETBE A process is provided for selective etherification of iC4 =with EtOH to form ETBE in a distillation column reactor containing a fixed bed acid cation exchange resin as a catalytic distillation structure in a reaction distillation zone combined ... | 09/28/1993 |
| 5243115 | Alkylation of organic aromatic compounds Aromatic compounds are alkylated in a catalytic distillation, wherein the catalyst structure also serves as a distillation component by contacting the aromatic compound with a C2 to C10 olefin in the catalyst bed under 0.25 to 50 atm... | 09/07/1993 |
| 5231234 | Two stage production of ether from tertiary alcohol An integrated two stage process for the production of isoolefin by the dehydration of isoalcohol and the synthesis of a corresponding ether, for example the production of methyl tertiary butyl ether by (a) feeding tertiary butyl alcohol to a first distill... | 07/27/1993 |
| 5221441 | Method for operating a catalytic distillation process A method and apparatus for conducting a catalytic distillation process is provided which allows for maintaining a liquid level in selected portions of the catalyst bed. Three particular processes disclosed are the production of methyl tertiary butyl ether... | 06/22/1993 |
| 5215725 | Aromatic alkylation process A system for the catalytic distillation production of alkylated aromatic compounds is provided wherein the vapor pressure of the olefin may be increased while maintaining the same olefin feed rate and aromatic to olefin ratio. In one embodiment a side str... | 06/01/1993 |
| 5204064 | Apparatus for conducting a catalytic distillation process A method and apparatus for conducting a catalytic distillation process is provided which allows for maintaining a liquid level in selected portions of the catalyst bed. Three particular processes disclosed are the production of methyl tertiary butyl ether... | 04/20/1993 |
| 5198196 | Method for removing and replacing catalyst in a distillation column reactor A method and apparatus is provided for removing catalyst from a distillation column reactor and replacing the catalyst with fresh or regenerated catalyst. More specifically a small particulate catalyst is supported by wire mesh or screen or filter medium ... | 03/30/1993 |
| 5190904 | Paraffin alkylation catalyst Paraffin alkylation using solid, particulate catalyst is carried out by preparing an alkane-catalyst mixture in a wash zone, passing the alkane-catalyst mixture to a plug flow reactor where a minor amount of olefin is introduced to contact the alkane-cata... | 03/02/1993 |