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...Chester Carlson was a patent agent who tired of having to make multiple copies of patent applications using the only duplication method available at the time: carbon paper. In 1959 he came up with a new copying system and took it to IBM for evaluation. The "experts" at IBM determined potential sales to be only 5,000 units because people wouldn't want to use a bulky machine when they had carbon paper. Carlson's invention was the xerography process, the company founded on the system is Xerox.

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Assignee: Carnegie Institution of Washington


Location: Washington, DC
No. of patents: 56

1    
NumberTitleIssue Date
8416994Remote sensing analysis of forest disturbances
The present invention provides systems and methods to automatically analyze Landsat satellite data of forests. The present invention can easily be used to monitor any type of forest disturbance such as from selective logging, agriculture, cattle ranching, natural ha...
04/09/2013
8357505Environmentally stable sensors and methods of using the same
Environmentally stable biosensors are disclosed, which comprise a ligand binding domain from a thermophilic organism conjugated to donor and fluorescent moieties that permit detection and measurement of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer upon ligand binding. Suc...
01/22/2013
8354250Neurotransmitter sensors and methods of using the same
Neurotransmitter biosensors are disclosed, including YbeJ-based glutamate binding biosensors, comprising a neurotransmitter binding domain conjugated to donor and fluorescent moieties that permit detection and measurement of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer up...
01/15/2013
8287831Ordered oxynitride perovskites
This invention relates to partially ordered and ordered oxynitride perovskites of the general formula ABO2N that are polar insulators. A comprises one or more cations or set of cations that sit in sites derived from the A-site in the perovskite structure....
10/16/2012
8246746Laser uses for single-crystal CVD diamond
The present invention is directed to new laser-related uses for single-crystal diamonds produced by chemical vapor deposition. One such use is as a heat sink for a laser; another such use is as a frequency converter. The invention is also directed to a χ(3)
08/21/2012
8189877Remote sensing analysis of forest disturbances
The present invention provides systems and methods to automatically analyze Landsat satellite data of forests. The present invention can easily be used to monitor any type of forest disturbance such as from selective logging, agriculture, cattle ranching, natural ha...
05/29/2012
8173863Sucrose biosensors and methods of using the same
Sucrose biosensors are disclosed, which comprise a sucrose binding domain conjugated to donor and fluorescent moieties that permit detection and measurement of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer upon sucrose binding. Such biosensors are useful for real time moni...
05/08/2012
8124056High throughput genetic screening of lipid and cholesterol processing using fluorescent compounds
The present invention utilizes fluorescent lipids, particularly quenched phospholipid or cholesterol analogues, to facilitate screening for phenotypes representing perturbations of lipid and/or cholesterol processing in a vertebrate; screening for genetic mutations ...
02/28/2012
8071744TRP/HIS exchange and kynurenin induced TRP transport
The present invention provides methods for detecting changes in tryptophan concentrations in a cell and methods for identifying agents that modulate cellular tryptophan concentrations. In particular, the present invention provides methods for detecting cellular exch...
12/06/2011
8066968X-ray-induced dissociation of HO and formation of an O-Halloy at high pressure
A novel molecular alloy of O2 and H2 and a method of producing such a molecular alloy are provided. When subjected to high pressure and extensive x-radiation, H2O molecules cleaved, forming O—O and H—H bonds. In the method of the...
11/29/2011
8039131Class of pure piezoelectric materials
A modification of PbTiO3 perovskite wherein at least part of Pb is replaced by a smaller atom with a similar ionic charge. ...
10/18/2011
8003855Production of hydroxylated fatty acids in genetically modified plants
This invention relates to plant fatty acyl hydroxylases. Methods to use conserved amino acid or nucleotide sequences to obtain plant fatty acyl hydroxylases are described. Also described is the use of cDNA clones encoding a plant hydroxylase to produce a family of h...
08/23/2011
7935494Trp/his exchange and kynurenine induced Trp transport
The present invention provides methods for detecting changes in tryptophan concentrations in a cell and methods for identifying agents that modulate cellular tryptophan concentrations. In particular, the present invention provides methods for detecting cellular exch...
05/03/2011
7883684Colorless single-crystal CVD diamond at rapid growth rate
The present invention relates to a method for producing colorless, single-crystal diamonds at a rapid growth rate. The method for diamond production includes controlling temperature of a growth surface of the diamond such that all temperature gradients across the gr...
02/08/2011
7820131Diamond uses/applications based on single-crystal CVD diamond produced at rapid growth rate
The present invention is directed to new uses and applications for colorless, single-crystal diamonds produced at a rapid growth rate. The present invention is also directed to methods for producing single crystal diamonds of varying color at a rapid growth rate and...
10/26/2010
7777016Neurotransmitter sensors and methods of using the same
Neurotransmitter biosensors are disclosed, including YbeJ-based glutamate binding biosensors, comprising a neurotransmitter binding domain conjugated to donor and fluorescent moieties that permit detection and measurement of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer up...
08/17/2010
7754180Ultrahard diamonds and method of making thereof
A single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition annealed at pressures in excess of 4.0 GPa and heated to temperature in excess of 1500 degrees C. that has a hardness of greater than 120 GPa. A method for manufacture a hard single crystal...
07/13/2010
7713507Tough diamonds and method of making thereof
A single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition has a hardness of 50-90 GPa and a fracture toughness of 11-20 MPa m1/2. A method for growing a single crystal diamond includes placing a seed diamond in a holder; and growing sin...
05/11/2010
RE41189Method of making enhanced CVD diamond
Single crystal CVD diamond is heated to temperatures of 1500° C. to 2900° C. under a pressure that prevents significant graphitization. The result is a CVD diamond with improved optical properties. ...
04/06/2010
7622633Genetic inhibition by double-stranded RNA
A process is provided of introducing an RNA into a living cell to inhibit gene expression of a target gene in that cell. The process may be practiced ex vivo or in vivo. The RNA has a region with double-stranded structure. Inhibition is sequence-specific in that the...
11/24/2009
7594968Ultratough CVD single crystal diamond and three dimensional growth thereof
The invention relates to a single-crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition that has a toughness of at least about 30 MPa m1/2. The invention also relates to a method of producing a single-crystal diamond with a toughness of at l...
09/29/2009
7574868Mixture including hydrogen and hydrocarbon having pressure-temperature stability
The invention relates to a method of storing hydrogen that employs a mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon that can both be used as fuel. In one embodiment, the method involves maintaining a mixture including hydrogen and a hydrocarbon in the solid state at ambient ...
08/18/2009
7510850Isolation of the mitotic spindle matrix and its methods of use
The invention encompasses a purified preparation of the mitotic spindle matrix essential for mitotic spindle assembly, which allows for identifying an agent that modulates a cell division and/or differentiation signaling pathway comprising determining the effect of ...
03/31/2009
7452420Apparatus and method for diamond production
An apparatus for producing diamond in a deposition chamber including a heat-sinking holder for holding a diamond and for making thermal contact with a side surface of the diamond adjacent to an edge of a growth surface of the diamond, a noncontact temperature measur...
11/18/2008
7402665Nucleic acid encoding a poly-(ADP) ribose polymerase enzyme and uses thereof
Poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) becomes activated at sites of DNA damage and is thought to promote repair by modifying local chromatin proteins and transcription factors. Disclosed is an isoform of PARP, PARP-e, which lacks enzymatic function and which is encoded...
07/22/2008
7309477Ultrahard diamonds and method of making thereof
A single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition annealed at pressures in excess of 4.0 GPa and heated to temperature in excess of 1500 degrees C. that has a hardness of greater than 120 GPa. A method for manufacture a hard single crystal...
12/18/2007
7235130Apparatus and method for diamond production
An apparatus for producing diamond in a deposition chamber including a heat-sinking holder for holding a diamond and for making thermal contact with a side surface of the diamond adjacent to an edge of a growth surface of the diamond, a noncontact temperature measur...
06/26/2007
7157067Tough diamonds and method of making thereof
A single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition has a hardness of 50–90 GPa and a fracture toughness of 11–20 MPa m1/2. A method for growing a single crystal diamond includes placing a seed diamond in a holder; and growing...
01/02/2007
7115241Ultrahard diamonds and method of making thereof
A single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition annealed at pressures in excess of 4.0 GPa and heated to temperature in excess of 1500 degrees C. that has a hardness of greater than 120 GPa. A method for manufacture a hard single crystal...
10/03/2006
6984495Human hairless gene and protein
The novel nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the human Hairless gene and protein, respectively, are disclosed. A Hairless expression construct may be used in transcription assays. Moreover, processes of making and using the aforementioned product...
01/10/2006
6936728Production of hydroxylated fatty acids in genetically modified plants
This invention relates to plant fatty acyl hydroxylases. Methods to use conserved amino acid or nucleotide sequences to obtain plant fatty acyl hydroxylases are described. Also described is the use of cDNA clones encoding a plant hydroxylase to produce a family of h...
08/30/2005
6864404Engineering disease resistance with pectate lyase-like genes
A mutant gene coding for pectate lyase and homologs thereof is provided, which when incorporated in transgenic plants effect an increased level disease resistance in such plants. Also is provided the polypeptide sequence for the pectate lyase of the present inventio...
03/08/2005
6858078Apparatus and method for diamond production
An apparatus for producing diamond in a deposition chamber including a heat-sinking holder for holding a diamond and for making thermal contact with a side surface of the diamond adjacent to an edge of a growth surface of the diamond, a noncontact temperature measur...
02/22/2005
6800790Method for maintenance and propagation of germline stem cells using members of the TFG-β family of growth factors
The TGF-β family of growth factors, particularly the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4 homolog decapentaplegic (dpp), are specifically required to maintain germline stem cells and promote their division. Overexpression of dpp blocks germline stem cell differenti...
10/05/2004
6774279Use of FLP recombinase in mice
A method is disclosed for producing site-specific recombination of DNA in a transgenic non-human mammal at chromosomal regions containing Flp-recognition sites (e.g., a DNA sequence containing an FRT site). The invention in particular discloses the use of site-speci...
08/10/2004
6735960Composition and method for hydrogen storage
A method for hydrogen storage includes providing water and hydrogen gas to a containment volume, reducing the temperature of the water and hydrogen gas to form a hydrogen clathrate at a first cryogenic temperature and a first pressure and maintaining the hydrogen cl...
05/18/2004
6543295High pressure anvil and optical window
The present invention is generally related to high pressure cells used for high pressure and spectroscopic studies. More particularly, the present invention is directed to the use of moissanite in a high pressure cell or a high pressure press as the anvil...
04/08/2003
6437220Strong early seed-specific gene regulatory region
Nucleic acid sequences and methods for their use are described which provide for early seed-specific transcription, in order to modulate or modify expression of foreign or endogenous genes in seeds, particularly embryo cells. The method finds particular u...
08/20/2002
6433250Use of plant fatty acyl hydroxylases to produce hydroxylated fatty acids and derivatives in plants
The present invention relates to the identification of nucleic acid sequences and constructs, and methods related thereto, and the use of these sequences and constructs to produce genetically modified plants for the purpose of altering the composition of ...
08/13/2002
6310194Plant fatty acid hydroxylases
This invention relates to plant fatty acyl hydroxylases. Methods to use conserved amino acid or nucleotide sequences to obtain plant fatty acyl hydroxylases are described. Also described is the use of cDNA clones encoding a plant hydroxylase to produce a ...
10/30/2001
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