William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 4998624 | Method of separating carbonaceous components from particulate coal containing inorganic solids and apparatus therefor Carbonaceous components are separated from particulate coal containing inorganic solids by agitating and aerating the coal, agglomerating oil and water to form agglomerates of carbonaceous components of the coal and oil with air trapped in the agglomerate... | 03/12/1991 |
| 4948211 | Method and apparatus for optical imaging using a small, flat, reflecting surface An image forming technique using a small, flat mirror is disclosed. A real, inverted image of an object is formed with infinite depth of field when the diameter of this mirror is between 0.15 and 0.4 millimeters. In smaller diameters, this forms a diffrac... | 08/14/1990 |
| 4943811 | Dual polarization electromagnetic power reception and conversion system An antenna array for receiving dual polarized electromagnetic waves, comprised of a first thin-film printed circuit rectenna having a plurality of linear half-wavelength dipole antennae oriented in a first direction for receiving a first component of the ... | 07/24/1990 |
| 4937520 | Instrument to measure the errors of apparent power meters An instrument to determine, under actual field conditions, which type of VA demand meters are most appropriate for a particular consumer. The type of electrical load that the consumer places on an electrical supply system can introduce harmonics and phase... | 06/26/1990 |
| 4931866 | Distributed coaxial light source producing constant target luminance A luminous source for illluminating targets in e.g. machine vision systems, remote manipulator systems used in outer space, etc., producing nearly constant target luminance as the target maintains various distances from the camera. This is achieved by the... | 06/05/1990 |
| 4913730 | Recovery of gold from aqueous solutions Gold is recovered from aqueous solutions which include a solubilizing reagent by contacting the solution with hydrogen under selected conditions until the gold precipitates, and removing the precipitate from the solution. The reagent comprises a thiourea ... | 04/03/1990 |
| 4905601 | Explosive entry and cutting device and a method of explosive entry and cutting This invention relates to an explosive-containing device for cutting dense material, the device being particularly useful in forced entry situations, e.g. in law enforcement situations or where an immediate entry into a burning building through its wall i... | 03/06/1990 |
| 4906577 | Cell culture bioreactor There is disclosed a cell culture apparatus particularly suitable for the culture of viable, shear sensitive cells, either grown in suspension or attached to a substrate such as microcarrier beads. The apparatus comprises a cell culture compartment and a ... | 03/06/1990 |
| 4901921 | Particle injection device for thermal spraying There is described a method and an apparatus wherein particles and a carrier gas are injected under pressure into a plasma flame. The particles are completely melted and are theraefter propelled onto a substrate to produce a coating thereon. According to ... | 02/20/1990 |
| 4888108 | Separation of fine solids from petroleum oils and the like Dispersed solids, particularly fine peptized hydrophobic solids, present in some petroleum oils, bitumen solutions or concentrates, heavy oils and the like, may be removed by distributing an additive selected from resorcinol, catechol, formic acid, maleic... | 12/19/1989 |
| 4883622 | Method of manufacturing discrete fiber reinforced, plastic tube and apparatus therefor A method and apparatus for making multi-layered plastic tube reinforced with fibers by a co-extrusion process. The method and apparatus provide more specifically a multi-layered plastic tube with an intermediate layer thereof having discrete fibers where ... | 11/28/1989 |
| 4874948 | Method and apparatus for evaluating the degree of cure in polymeric composites The degree of cure in a polymeric composite is evaluated in a simple, rapid and non-destructive manner by heating a surface portion of the polymeric composite to substantially curing temperature, over a predetermined period of time, and continuously monit... | 10/17/1989 |
| 4874393 | Method of producing fuel of relatively higher calorific value from low rank and oxidized coal Low-rank or oxidized coal is processed to produce fuel of relatively higher calorific value by conditioning a slurry of the coal with an electrolyte, and then agglomerating the carbonaceous portion of the coal using a coal derived agglomerating oil. Agglo... | 10/17/1989 |
| 4870014 | Cloning of thermolabile glucoamylase gene into saccharomyces cerevisiae This inverntion concerns a glycoamylase gene cloned into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, method for cloning such a gene into such yeasts and cloning vehicles containing such a gene, suitable for use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast containing a gluc... | 09/26/1989 |
| 4867515 | All-optical modulator with a channel waveguide All optical modulators are disclosed which include a channel waveguide made of an optically nonlinear material and transmitting an infrared beam. A control light whose wavelength is shorter than the bandgap energy of the channel of the guide is directed t... | 09/19/1989 |
| 4843847 | Apparatus and method for ultrasonically inspecting articles for internal defects A mechanically amplified electroacoustic transducer system comprising an electroacoustic transducer having a vibrating element and an amplifier rod forming a probe extending from the transducer and in acoustically coupling contact with the vibrating eleme... | 07/04/1989 |
| 4830965 | Transposable linkers to transfer genetic information Transposable linkers are DNA sequences recognized and employed by transposition proteins, including transposases, in the insertion of genetic information into the genetic architecture of an organism and in the movement of genetic information from one loca... | 05/16/1989 |
| 4826299 | Linear deiverging lens A new type of lens is described. The lens has the appearance of a prism with a relatively sharp radius at the apex. This lens finds an application in expanding a laser beam in one direction only.... | 05/02/1989 |
| 4816533 | Epoxy fortifiers based on aromatic amines Epoxy resins have been found to be fortified (increased strength and modulus yet not brittle) by compounding (a) a resin-forming polyepoxide, (b) an amine curing agent for (a), (c) a fortifier for (a)+(b) comprising the reaction product of (i) an aromatic amine hav... | 03/28/1989 |
| 4814084 | Reverse osmosis membrane of cellulosic material There is provided a method of manufacturing cellulose membranes with pore radii less than 30×10-10 m, suitable for reverse osmosis applications. The method comprises dissolving a cellulosic material in a DMSO/PF solvent at a temperature about ... | 03/21/1989 |
| 4800541 | Method for underwater acoustic direction sensing A method of determining the bearing "S" of a signal transmitter relative to a remote signal receiver. A signal pulse having a high signal to noise ratio is transmitted and sampled at closely spaced receivers displaced from the transmitter by a distance "D... | 01/24/1989 |
| 4795969 | Load loss standard for testing and calibrating high voltage power measuring systems A current-comparator technique for obtaining a load loss standard with adjustable loss tangent (or power factor) for in-situ calibration of transformer loss measuring system is described. The load loss standard, driven by the test voltage through a low-lo... | 01/03/1989 |
| 4790188 | Method of, and an apparatus for, evaluating forming capabilities of solid plate A method of, and apparatus for, evaluating forming capabilities of metal plate by means of ultrasonic waves where the rolling direction and the density of the plate are known. The method comprises the steps of launching acoustic waves into the plate and d... | 12/13/1988 |
| 4787748 | Synchronous optical scanning apparatus A triangular, synchronous optical scanning apparatus to be used in a three-dimensional imaging is disclosed. A pair of curved stationary reflecting mirrors can be provided in optical beam paths to modify the reference plane to conform to the target surfac... | 11/29/1988 |
| 4788080 | Process and apparatus for coating particles with fine powder There is disclosed a process for coating particles, such as ceramic, metallic and organic cores, with fine powder, such as ceramic, metal, organic or carbon powder. The process comprises providing a mixture comprising the particles and a binder which is c... | 11/29/1988 |
| 4786859 | RMS measuring apparatus for AC/DC voltages A true RMS instrument using a multijunction thermal converter with two beaters automatically determines and displays the RMS value of an unknown voltage using two steps or modes. In an AC mode, the unknown voltage is attenuated and balanced in the thermal... | 11/22/1988 |
| 4783860 | Combined flapper and piston motion wave board module There is described a wet back device for generating waves in a liquid in a test tank or the like. Such devices are known and usually operate a wave generating board by a push-pull piston operation or a flapping wave generating board pivoted in the tank an... | 11/15/1988 |
| 4781796 | Apparatus for the conversion of sludges An apparatus for the conversion of sludge including a heated continuous tubular member having a continuous conveyor extending therethrough and defining along its length in succession a heating zone, a connecting zone and a reaction zone. The connecting zo... | 11/01/1988 |
| 4776658 | Fiber optic modulator New all-optical modulators that use nonlinear refraction and absorption to modify fiber-to-fiber coupling are disclosed. No resonators, feedback or stringent wavelength controls are needed. Implementations of the AND, NOR, NOT and XOR gates with better th... | 10/11/1988 |
| 4775483 | Method to reduce plasma cholesterol Cholesterol in liquids such as blood plasma can be reduced by passing such liquids over an insoluble matrix such as agarose or treated glass beads to which is attached a C-reactive protein capable of binding cholesterol. An eluent such as sodium chloride ... | 10/04/1988 |
| 4763977 | Optical fiber coupler with tunable coupling ratio and method of making An optical coupler for single mode optical signals having a tunable (variable) coupling ratio, and a method of fabricating the coupler. A pair of virtually identical optical fibers are fused together at a narrowed waist region, each fiber being formed of ... | 08/16/1988 |
| 4755459 | Detection of gonococcal infections using monoclonal antibodies Monoclonal antibodies specific to Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipopolysaccharide components having no cross-reactivity with N. meningitidis have been produced and found useful in the diagnosis of the presence of N. gonorrhoeae.... | 07/05/1988 |
| 4754645 | Ultrasonic characterization of polymers under simulated processing conditions A method and an apparatus for ultrasonically characterizing polymer materials under simulated processing conditions are disclosed. According to the invention, a sample of a polymer is held in confinement between two axially aligned buffer rods having oppo... | 07/05/1988 |
| 4754654 | Submersible seawater pump sampler There is described a submersible water sampler for use in the collection of samples for testing. Conventional in situ samplers have had the disadvantage that they have been bulky and difficult to handle. There is described an in situ water pump sampler wh... | 07/05/1988 |
| 4754497 | FM receivers using three-terminal negative admittance networks or two and three-terminal negative admittance networks Novel FM receivers are disclosed, which are very compact and simple yet possess high sensitivity. The receivers use novel three-terminal and two-terminal negative admittance networks. In one embodiment, one three-terminal negative admittance network forms... | 06/28/1988 |
| 4752946 | Gas discharge derived annular plasma pinch x-ray source This invention describes a pulsed plasma pinch x-ray source. In the device the initial plasma annulus is derived from an electrical gas discharge in a chamber having constricted openings arranged on a circle. This low mass plasma annulus is imploded and p... | 06/21/1988 |
| 4750798 | Prism light guide luminaire The luminaire for a prism light guide system consists of a longitudinal hollow structure made of transparent dielectric material. The structure has inner and outer surfaces which are in octature, and at least a portion of one outer surface that has a ligh... | 06/14/1988 |
| 4751723 | Multiple vacuum arc derived plasma pinch x-ray source With the intent of satisfying the requirement of x-ray lithography a plasma pinch x-ray source has been developed in which the initial plasma annulus is derived from a plurality of electrical arcs in vacuum. This gives a low mass liner for the standard im... | 06/14/1988 |
| 4749466 | Solid electrolyte for oxygen sensor The invention is based on the discovery that in a solid electrolyte galvanic sensor, e.g. an yttria-stablized zirconia body, it is not necessary, as has hitherto been believed, to eliminate all impurities to achieve the important performance characteristi... | 06/07/1988 |
| 4748329 | Method for on-line thickness monitoring of a transparent film An optical system is described for monitoring the thickness of a translucent film either free-standing or coated on a reflective substrate. A polychromatic light beam is projected onto the surface of the sheet, and the transmitted light is detected at, at... | 05/31/1988 |