Abstract text

A solid state moderated chemical reaction for use with a heating device comprises the complete reaction between iron powder and the oxidizer sodium chlorate in stoichiometric balance such that the oxygen, rather than being emitted externally to the device, is fully reacted internally in the heating device to a solid oxide. A heating device comprises a heating chamber defining an interior space for receiving and storing a substance to be heated, a heater for use as a source of heat which includes a reaction chamber, a solid state reaction composition disposed within the reaction chamber such that it is physically isolated from and in thermal communication with the interior space of the heating chamber, an activation mechanism in communication with the composition disposed within the reaction chamber, and wherein the reaction composition is inert until the activation mechanism is actuated. Activation mechanism comprises an actuator having a user interface portion and an actuation portion, and the actuation portion carries a reaction initiation material that, when assembled with the heater, is capable of initiating a chemical reaction in the chemical composition when the actuation portion is actuated by a user. Heater comprises a housing defining an exterior shape of the heater and an interior space, a solid state chemical heating composition disposed within the interior space, and an activation mechanism in communication with the composition and having an actuator and disposed within the housing such that the activation mechanism is actuable exteriorly from the housing. Heater may be incorporated into the heating device, or alternatively may be modular and removably coupled to heating device. Heater may include an opening, or alternatively may be fully sealed for emission-free operation as well as to assure a controlled internal environment and to promote stability during storage. Various passive and active thermal controls based on physical or chemical responses of materials to temperature and appropriate to important use conditions for heating device are also provided.